Download Cycles in the Lithosphere pages 54-60

Cycles in the Lithosphere pages 54-60
Fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase.
1. The belief that the earth’s features were only 5-6 thousand years old, and were
formed by violent, catastrophic events such as earth quakes and volcanoes is
called ______________________________. This belief was popular up until the
late___________________________________. The theory that the earth was
much older, and was formed more gradually is
called______________________________. This theory was originally proposed
by __________________________________ in 1785, and later developed by
_________________________________in 1830. Modern geologist now know
that the earth is roughly _______________years old.
2. Most of the earth’s rocks move continuously through the
_____________________ or rock cycle. When rocks near the earth’s core are
melted, due to the decay of ____________________ material, they form
_____________________ which moves upward through cracks in the earth’s
crust and eventually emerges as _______________ through volcanoes. As lava
cools outside the earth’s crust, it forms extrusive __________________ rocks. If
it cools below the earth’s surface, it forms _________________-igneous rock.
Igneous rock makes up about _________% of the earth’s crust.
3. Igneous rocks become worn down by the process of __________________ into
small particles. They then become deposited in places like _______________
_________ and _______________ _______________, and accumulate.
Gradually, with lots of pressure the layers of sediment become cemented together
into ______________________ rock. This type of rock usually forms layers or
______________________.
4. Shape-changing or ______________________ rocks are formed when great heat
and pressure are applied to igneous or sedimentary rocks.
5. The earth’s rocks will cycle through the different stages _____________times .
6. In 1910, Alfred Wegener theorized that all the earth’s continents originally
formed a single continent named ____________________. He believed that the
continents gradually drifted apart into the form they have today. This theory is
called ____________________ drift. Canadian Tuzo Wilson, later discovered that
the there was a spatial pattern to the earthquakes and volcanoes, and theorized that
the sea floor is _______________________. We have since discovered that the
crustal plates are not drifting, but are being pushed by the underlying magma.
This theory is called _______________ _____________________.
7. Using the map on page 59 fill out the following chart on the plates.
Plate
Indian
Philippine
Pacific
American
Nazca
Cocos
Nazca
African
Eurasian
Arabian
Antarctic
Direction
NNE
Moving toward
Eurasian,
Pacific
Separating from Sliding by
Antarctic
_______