* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Español 3-4
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Proto-Indo-European verbs wikipedia , lookup
Sanskrit grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic weak verb wikipedia , lookup
Germanic strong verb wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sotho verbs wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish verbs wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish pronouns wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kagoshima verb conjugations wikipedia , lookup
German verbs wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Español 3-4 Repaso Examen del Primer Semestre Sra. English 2008-09 Capítulo 1 Vocabulario 1 – Familia, Descripciones, Actividades – pp. 6-8 Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish. 1. What are you like? ¿Cómo eres (tú)? 2. What is your brother like? ¿Cómo es tu hermano? 3. What are your brothers like? ¿Cómo son tus hermanos? 4. What do you like to do on the weekends? ¿Qué te gusta hacer los fines de semana? 5. What do your friends like to do? ¿A tus amigos qué les gusta hacer? 6. My younger sister is active and outgoing. Mi hermana menor es activa y extrovertida. Write a description of yourself – include 2 physical traits and 2 personality traits. Soy... singular adjectives that match your gender._________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Answer the following question in at least 3 Spanish sentences. Use reflexive verbs. ¿Qué haces todas las mañanas? Possible answer: Me levanto a las 5. Me baño y me ducho. Como el desayuno y voy al colegio.____________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Nouns, Adjectives & Gustar – p. 10 Adjectives have to agree with the _______nouns______ they describe in two ways: gender and __number___. The masculine form of most adjectives ends in ___o____, and the feminine form usually ends in ___a___. Adjectives that end in ___e___ have the same masculine and feminine forms. Adjectives that end in consonants do not add an “a” to become feminine unless they end in “or” or describe a nationality. If the singular form of an adjective ends in a vowel, add __s___ to make it plural. If the singular form ends in a Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 1 consonant, add ____es____. When describing more than one person at a time, use the masculine form of the adjective if there is/are at least __1___ male(s). Write the following adjectives in their plural forms, leaving the gender the same. 1. romántico románticos 3. trabajador trabajadores 2. intelectual intelectuales 4. trabajadora trabajadoras Write the following adjectives in the opposite gender, leaving the number (singular/plural) the same. 1. simpático simpática 2. inteligente inteligentes 3. perezosas perezosos 4. trabajadoras trabajadores Use a word from each column to create five correct sentences. CHANGE THE ADJECTIVE to match the noun it describes. (There are more than five correct answers.) tú – must go with “eres” mis amigas – must go with “son” Juan – must go with “es” Paco y yo – must go with “somos” tú y tus amigos – must go with “son” yo – must go with “soy” soy eres es somos son activo atlético gracioso inteligente tímido simpático 1. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ___Don’t forget to match the adjective with the noun it describes – watch both gender and number!______ 3. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________________________________ We can use two forms of the verb gustar to talk about what someone likes: GUSTA to talk about ___singular nouns_________ and _____infinitive verbs______ and GUSTAN to talk about ___plural nouns_____. Gustar literally means “__to be pleasing to_____.” Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 2 We put a pronoun before the form of gustar to say to whom something is pleasing. Fill in the chart with the pronouns we can use and what they mean in English me = to me nos = to us te = to you os = to you all (informal; in Spain) les = to them to you all le = to him/her to you (formal) To clarify or emphasize the pronoun, we can add “a + name” before the me/te/le/etc. For example: Me gustan los animales. A mí me gustan los animales. (emphasizes that I like animals) Le gustan los deportes. A Juan le gustan los deportes. (clarifies that Juan likes sports) Put the word “no” __before____ the pronoun to say “don’t” or “doesn’t.” What do the following phrases mean in English? 1. quién _____who_________ 2. quiénes _______who (plural)_______________ 3. ¿por qué? _____why__________ 4. porque __because________________________ Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish. 1. Who likes fruits? ¿A quién(es) le(s) gustan las frutas? 2. Do you like fruits? ¿Te gustan las frutas? 3. Does Juan like vegetables? ¿A Juan les gustan las verduras? 4. No, I don’t like videogames. No, no me gustan los videojuegos. 5. Why do you like cars? ¿Por qué te gustan los carros? 6. We like music more, because it’s fun. Nos gusta más la música, porque es divertida. We can use the verb gustar with infinitives to talk about what people like to do, but the only form of gustar we can use with infinitives is ____gusta____. Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish. 1. I like to run. Me gusta correr. 2. Juan likes to swim and bike ride. A Juan le gusta nadar y montar en bicicleta. 3. Do you like to go shopping? ¿Te gusta ir de compras? Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 3 Present Tense of Regular & Stem-Changing Verbs – p. 12-14 Fill in the charts with the correct endings for each type of verb. -ER -AR o amos o emos as áis es éis a an e en -IR o imos es ís e en Complete the following sentences with the correct conjugation of the verbs in parentheses. 1. Tú patinas (patinar) muy bien. 2. Silvia y Olivia escuchan (escuchar) música rock. 3. Pablo no trabaja (trabajar) mucho; es perezoso. 4. Gabriel y sus amigos no corren (correr). 5. Yo escribo (escribir) cartas. 6. ¿Tú lees (leer) mucho? Some verbs also have a stem change. This change happens in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. There are four types of stem-changes, ei, eie, oue, and uue. List as many verbs of each stem-change type as you can remember; include what they mean in English. ei e ie o ue u ue LIST VERBS HERE................................................................ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ Conjugate the following two verbs, remembering to stem change when needed. Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 4 dormir = to sleep jugar = to play duermo dormimos juego jugamos duermes dormís juegas jugáis duerme duermen juega juegan Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. 1. Mi mamá y yo pedimos (pedir) café en el restaurante. 2. A Elena le gusta escribir, pero Juan prefiere (preferir) leer. 3. ¿Piensas (pensar) tú venir con nosotros? 4. Paco y sus amigos almuerzan (almorzar) en la cafetería. 5. Tú y tu familia pueden (poder) venir a mi casa para visitar. Verbs with Yo Forms Ending in “go” – p. 14 Write the meaning and yo form of each verb listed. El Verbo salir poner hacer traer saber venir tener En Inglés to go out to put/place/set to do/make to bring to know to come to have Forma “Yo” salgo pongo hago traigo sé vengo tengo Tener and venir also have a stem change in the present tense, except in the yo, nosotros and vosotros forms. Reflexive Pronouns – p. 14 A reflexive verb is one where the subject is doing something to or for him or her self. To make a verb reflexive, you must use a reflexive pronoun. Complete the chart below with the pronouns and what they mean in English. me = to/for myself nos = to/for ourselves te = to/for yourself os = to/for yourselves (plural, informal, in Spain) les = to/for them/you all le = to/for himself/herself/yourself (formal) Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 5 Reflexive pronouns can be put in several places in a sentence. One place is before a conjugated verb. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Don’t forget the reflexive pronoun! 1. Los fines de semana, yo me levanto (levantarse) tarde. 2. Tú te pones (ponerse) el piyama temprano. 3. Nosotros nos lavamos (lavarse) los dientes a las nueve. 4. Mi padre se afeita (afeitarse) todos los días. 5. Mis gatos se bañan (bañarse) en el sol. Vocabulario 2 – La Casa, Los Quehaceres y Las Vacaciones – pp. 18-20 Translate the following sentences from Spanish to English. 1. ¿Qué hay que hacer en la sala? What needs to be done in the living room? 2. ¿Puedo ayudarte? Can I help you? 3. No te olvides de lavar los platos. Don’t forget to wash the plates. 4. ¿Algo más? Anything else? Make a list of chores that would be done in each of the following rooms. You should use some more than once and use vocabulary from last year and chapter 2 (pp. 58-59) as well. la sala el baño el garaje la habitación la cocina MAKE A LIST................. _______________ _______________ ________________ ________________ _____________ _______________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ____________ _______________ _______________ ________________ ________________ _____________ _______________ _______________ ________________ ________________ _____________ _______________ _______________ ________________ ________________ _____________ Answer the following questions in complete Spanish sentences. 1. ¿Qué quieres hacer este fin de semana? Quiero + infinitive verb 2. ¿Prefieres pasar la aspiradora o lavar los platos? Prefiero...+ infinitive Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 6 3. ¿Qué piensas hacer esta noche? Pienso + infinitive verb Tener Expressions & Verbs Followed by Infinitives – p. 22 & p. 64 List 10 tener expressions and what they mean in English. FIND THEM IN YOUR BOOK.___________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Two tener expressions must be followed by infinitives (tener ganas de and tener que). There are other verbs that can be followed by infinitives too. Write the lists of them from pages 22 and 64 and what they mean in English. WRITE A LIST......... _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ The Present Progressive – p. 24 The present progressive is used to talk about what is currently going on. Use a form of the verb estar, then use the present participle (word with -ando or –iendo). To form that participle, drop the –ar, -er, or -ir, then add -ando for an –ar verb or -iendo for an –er or –ir verb. Complete the following sentences using the present progressive of the verb in parentheses. Don’t forget about estar! 1. Pablo está buscando (buscar) el gato. 2. Yo estoy preparando (preparar) el almuerzo. 3. Nosotros estamos poniendo (poner) la mesa. 4. Tú estás limpiando (limpiar) el baño. 5. Tú y tus amigos están escribiendo (escribir) correo electrónico. -Ar and –er verbs do not stem-change in the present progressive. –Ir verbs use their normal stem-change without the e. Example: dormir (oue stem changer) durmiendo Verbs like leer are also irregular in the present progressive, because we don’t want to have 3 vowels together. Change the i to a y. One other irregular to know is ir, which becomes yendo. Direct Object Pronouns – p. 24 Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 7 A direct object is what receives the action of a verb. In the sentence “Mom kicked the ball,” the ball is the direct object. It answers the question, “What?” Like other pronouns, they can be put before conjugated verbs, on the end of infinitives, on the end of an –ando or –iendo word, on the end of positive commands, and between no and a negative command. Complete the chart with the pronoun and what it means in English. The ones in the bolded boxes are most important right now. Direct Object Pronouns me = me nos = us te = you xxx lo = it la = it los = them las = them Rewrite the following sentences replacing the direct object with a direct object pronoun. 1. Héctor lava los platos. Héctor los lava. 2. Papá y mis hermanos cortan las verduras. Papá y mis hermanos las cortan. 3. Jorge saca la basura. Jorge la saca. Ir a + Infinitives – p. 24 “Ir a + infinitive” is used to talk about what is going to happen. Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish. 1. I am going to clean the bathroom. Voy a limpiar el baño. 2. We are going to go to the movies. Vamos a ir al cine. 3. They are going to run in the park. Van a correr en el parque. Positive Tú Commands – p. 26 Form a positive tú command by using the él/ella/Ud. form of the verb – or go to the tú form and drop the s. Change the verbs into positive tú commands. 1. lavar lava Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 8 2. tocar toca 3. pasar pasa 4. comer come 5. escribir escribe 6. decorar decora You can put direct object pronouns attached to the end of a positive command. Then add an accent to the command, usually on the 3rd vowel from the end. You can do the same thing with positive formal commands. Change the verbs into positive tú commands and add direct object pronouns to replace the nouns. 1. lavar el carro lávalo 2. tocar la guitarra tócala 3. pasar la aspiradora pásala 4. comer las verduras cómelas 5. escribir las cartas escríbelas 6. decorar el patio decóralo There are 8 irregular positive tú commands: Ven = Come Di = Say Sal = Go out Haz = Make/Do Ten = Have Ve = Go Pon = Put/Place Sé = Be You can add pronouns to the end of these as well. Negative Tú Commands – p. 26 Use the following process to form a negative tú command: 1. Put the verb in the yo form. 2. Take off the o. 3. Add the opposite ending, which for –ar verbs is -es and for –er/-ir verbs is -as. Then put “No” in front of the command. To use a pronoun, put it between no and the negative command. You can also do this with negative formal commands. Change the verbs to their negative tú command. 1. salir No salgas 2. pasar No pases 3. comer No comas 4. escribir No escribas 5. comprar No compres 6. hacer No hagas Verbs that end in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spelling change in a negative tú command. For –car verbs, Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 9 the change is c qu. In –gar verbs it’s g gu. In –zar verbs, it’s z c. Try three: sacar no saques llegar no llegues empezar no empieces There are three other verbs with irregular negative tú commands: ir no vayas dar no des ser no seas Capítulo 2 Vocabulario 1 – Los oficios – pp. 46-48 Write sentences that tell where each person works and what they do. 1. El peluquero trabaja en la peluquería y corta pelo. <-- JUST AN EXAMPLE FOR THIS SECTION 2. La secretaria ____________________________________________________________________________. 3. El banquero _____________________________________________________________________________. 4. La cocinera _____________________________________________________________________________. Indirect Objects, Dar & Decir – p. 50 An indirect object receives the direct object or benefits from the verb. In the sentence “Mom kicked the ball to Pedro,” Pedro is the indirect object. The indirect object answers the question “To whom?” In a sentence, indirect object pronouns can go in the same places as reflexive and direct object pronouns. Fill in the chart with the indirect object pronouns and what they mean. –SEE THE GUSTAR CHART Indirect Object Pronouns les = to/for him = to/for her = to/for you (Ud.) Many times we use the verbs dar (to give) and decir (to say/to tell) with indirect object pronouns. Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 10 Dar Decir doy damos digo decimos das xxxxxxx dices xxxxxxx da dan dice dicen Complete the sentences with the correct indirect object pronouns. 1. El chico le da unas flores a la chica. 2. Nosotros le damos de comer al perro. 3. El cartero te trae el correo a ti. 4. Yo les digo “Hola” a las chicas. Saber & Conocer – p. 52 and p. 92 Saber and conocer mean to know. Use saber to talk about knowing facts, information and how to do something (saber + inf.). Use conocer to talk about knowing or being familiar with people and places. Use “a” between conocer and a person. Both verbs have irregular yo forms: sé (saber) and conozco (conocer) Complete the sentences by choosing the correct form of saber or conocer. 1. Amanda sabe cocinar major que nadie. 2. Rafael conoce a María. 3. ¿Tú sabes dónde está la biblioteca? 4. ¿Tú conoces mi vecindario? In the preterite, conocer means to meet. Uses of Ser – p. 54 Make a list of the uses of ser. Use your notes and the lists on p. 54 and p. 62 to help you. MAKE A LIST.... Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 11 Vocabulario 2 – Cosas en la Casa y las Quejas (Complaints) – pp. 58-61 Write three ways to complain about chores in Spanish. MAKE A LIST.... _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Write 5 vocabulary words you didn’t remember until you saw them again and what they mean in English. MAKE A LIST.... _________________________________________________________________________________________ Ser and Estar – p. 62 Use the list from p. 12 of the packet to remind you of when we use ser. Make a list of when to use estar, based on your notes and p. 62. MAKE A LIST.... Complete the sentences with the correct form of either ser or estar. 1. El concierto es a las ocho. 2. El concierto es en el auditorio. 3. Julio es de Cuba. 4. Julio es alto. 5. Julio está bien. 5. El gato está debajo de la cama. Preterite of –ar, -er, and –ir verbs – p. 66 Fill in the chart with the endings for regular preterite verbs. -ER/-IR -AR é amos í imos aste xxxxxxx iste xxxxxxx ó aron ió ieron Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. 1. Yo pasé (pasar) la aspiradora. 2. Mi hermano comió (comer) helado. 3. Nosotros escribimos (escribir) cartas. 4. Sara limpió (limpiar) el baño. Preterite of Ir – p. 66 Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 12 Fill in the chart with the correct forms of ir in the preterite. Ir = to go fui fuimos fuiste xxxxxxx fue fueron Capítulo 3 Vocabulario 1 – El Pueblo – pp. 86-89 Answer the following questions in complete Spanish sentences. 1. ¿Qué compraste en la pescadería? Compré... 2. ¿Qué hiciste en la mueblería? VERB IN THE PRETERITE 3. ¿Quién trabaja en la comisaría? El policía trabaja en la comisaría. 4. ¿Adónde fuiste ayer? Fui a.... Impersonal Se and Passive Se – p. 90 Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish. 1. Spanish is spoken here. Se habla español aquí. 2. Fruit is bought at the fruit stand. Se compran frutas en la frutería. 3. Swimming is prohibited. Se prohíbe nadar./No se permite nadar. 4. Eating is permitted. Se permite comer. Preterite of –car, -gar, and –zar Verbs – p. 92 In the preterite yo form, –car, -gar, and –zar verbs have the same spelling change as in they do in a negative tú command. (See page 10 of this packet.) They have normal –ar verb endings, and every other form is completely normal. Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 13 Irregular Preterites: Hacer, Andar, Tener, and Venir – p. 66 and p. 94 In the preterite, these four verbs have odd stems and different endings from normal verbs. They do all have the same endings as each other. None of their forms has an accent. Hacer = to do/make Andar = to walk hice hicimos anduve anduvimos hiciste xxxxxxx anduviste xxxxxxx hizo hicieron anduvo anduvieron Tener = to have Venir = to come tuve tuvimos vine vinimos tuviste xxxxxxx viniste xxxxxxx tuvo tuvieron vino vinieron Irregular Preterites: Dar & Ver – p. 94 Dar (to give) takes normal –er/-ir verb endings in the preterite but without accents. Ver (to see) is completely normal, except that it does not have any accents. Dar = to give Ver = to see di dimos vi vimos diste xxxxxxx viste xxxxxxx dio dieron vio vieron Vocabulario 2 – La Ciudad – pp. 98-101 Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish. 1. Excuse me, how can I get to the aquarium? Perdón, ¿cómo puedo llegar al acuario? 2. Excuse me, can you repeat what you said? Perdón, ¿puede repetir lo que dijo? 3. One more time, please? Otra vez, ¿por favor? Write the right-hand column of directions in the box from p. 104 here. Include what they mean in English. WRITE DIRECTIONS HERE.... Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 14 Formal Commands – p. 102 To make a formal command, follow the same process as you do to make negative tú commands. (See pages 10 and 11 of this packet.) –Car, -gar, and –zar verbs have the same spelling changes as they do in the preterite yo form. There are also three verbs with weird formal commands: Verbo Ud. Uds. ir = to go (no) vaya____ (no) vayan ser = to be (no) sea (no) sean dar = to give (no) dé (no) den Formal commands take pronouns the same way tú commands do: attached to the end of a positive command (with an accent, usually on the third-to-last vowel) and between “no” and a negative command. -ger and –guir verbs also have a change, but the only one you should know for now is the command “Siga(n) derecho.” from seguir Sra. María English Exprésate 2 2008-09 p. 15