Download characteristics of life

Name: _____________________________________ Date: _____________ Class: _______
CP2 MID TERM EXAM REVIEW PACKET: DAVIS BIOLOGY (2009-2010)
You should be able to match each of the key terms (on your key terms worksheets) to their definitions
WHAT IS BIOLOGY:
1. Order from largest to smallest: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
2. Give two examples of each:
i. Organs
ii. organ systems
iii. organisms
3. What is the difference between stimulus and response?
4. Define homeostasis
5. Distinguish between the steps of the scientific method (state whether a sentence is a problem, hypothesis, experiment or
observation). Practice:
a. _______ Aaron’s experiment showed that the more his mice ate, the more they weighed.
b. _______ Juanita said “If I water my plants too much, they will die.”
c. _______ Mark measured how tall his bean plants were each day from the time he planted them until they were 60
days old.
d. _______ Tori wondered how Tammy could eat so much chocolate.
6. Differentiate between hypothesis and theory
7. Given an experiment, be able to distinguish between the dependent and independent variables. How could you tell the
difference?
8. Explain what it means to have a controlled experiment
9. How do you tell which variable is dependent and which is independent? On which axis does the dependent variable go?
Independent?
10. Correctly complete a line graph to model or display conclusions: Make a graph of the data below. Don’t forget to
label everything correctly!
Sample Problem for Graphing: You are a scientist researching average precipitation over time in Hyannis.
Below is the data you collect:
Year 2005:
January 21 cm, February 12 cm, March 28 cm, April 55cm, May 27cm, June 62cm, July 36 cm, August 24 cm,
September 17 cm, October 45 cm, November 65 cm, December 35 cm.
Year 2004:
January 36 cm, February 24 cm, March 20 cm, April 60cm, May 41cm, June 35cm, July 33 cm, August 19 cm,
September 41 cm, October 34 cm, November 22 cm, December 27 cm.
Page 1/12
11. Differentiate between English and Metric (SI) units of measurement:
ENGLISH?
METRIC?
Pound
Gram
Kilogram
Foot
Meter
Kilometer
Cubic Centimeters
Liter
Ounce
Gallon
Inch
12. Order these from largest to smallest: Kilometer, Millimeter, Centimeter, Meter
13. Distinguish between weight and mass.
14. Tell which measuring system scientists use – English or metric?
15. Be able to fill in the chart below:
The five types of measurement in the SI system and their units
Type of measurement
For measuring …
Main unit used to measure
Length
amount of space something occupies
kilogram
Temperature
CHEMISTRY
16. General Chemistry / Basic Organic Chemistry:
a. Explain what “organic” means in terms of chemistry.
b. What are the six most common elements in organic molecules and their symbols?
c.
List the four types of organic compounds and describe the function of each.
d. Be able to correctly identify a diagram of a carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, protein, or any subunit of the previously
listed molecules (note cards with diagrams on one side and names on the other) STUDY YOUR FLASHCARDS!
17. Carbohydrates:
a. Explain what the terms “mono” “di” “poly” and “saccharide” mean.
Page 2/12
b. Name the most important monosaccharide we learned about in class and list it’s chemical formula.
c. What is another name for a polysaccharide?
d. Differentiate between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
e. Identify each structure below as a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide.
f.
Fill in the chart below on the 3 important Polysaccharides
3 Important Polysaccharides
Name:
Function:
Found in these
foods:
18. Lipids:
a. Explain what all lipids have in common
b. Label the straight hydrocarbon chain and the carboxyl group on a fatty acid diagram. Also label each as saturated or
unsaturated and give a food example of each.
c. List the two types of molecules that make up a triglyceride and label each on a diagram
d. Explain the function of each type of lipid, and give two examples of each (except for phospholipids). Make a chart to
help you organize the information. USE YOUR NOTES!
Page 3/12
19. Nucleic Acids:
a. List the three major nucleic acids, write out their full names and give the function of each
Nucleic Acid
Nucleic Acid - full name
Function
abbreviation
DNA
Deoxy…. _____________________________
b. Circle the Nucleic acid below, and label the three main parts on the nucleotide
20. Proteins:
a. What is the main function of proteins? List at least two other functions, including the specific type of protein that has
that function.
b. Describe 2 factors that influence protein shape
c. Identify each picture below as primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure.
d. What is another name for an amino acid?
e. What is the name of the bond that links two amino acids together?
ENZYMES
21. Enzymes, Types of Reactions and Activation Energy
a. Explain how an enzyme affects the activation energy of a reaction, and what this does to the speed of the reaction.
b. Describe how an enzyme’s shape important to its function.
c. Given a diagram of a chemical reaction, label the substrate, product and enzyme
Page 4/12
d. Label the following on a diagram of an exothermic and an endothermic reaction: activation energy, products,
reactants.
e. Distinguish between an enzyme and a catalyst
f.
Define Activation Energy
g. Explain why an enzyme that breaks down cholesterol can not break down a starch molecule.
h. After an enzyme converts a substrate into a product, what does it do next?
22. The Process of Digestion
a. List the six types of nutrients found in food, and tell which need to be digested, and which do not.
b. Give one example of physical change and one example of chemical change in the digestive system.
Page 5/12
CELLS, TRANSPORT AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CELLULAR RESPIRATION
23. 6.1: All organisms are made of cells
c. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of general structure and degree of complexity and
give an example of each. MAKE SURE YOU ANSWER ALL OF THESE QUESTIONS!
24. 6.2: Membranes organize a cell’s activities
a. Identify at least two functions of proteins in cellular membranes and explain why we need cell membranes around our
cells
b. Given a diagram, correctly label the parts of
the phospholipid membrane: hydrophilic
region, hydrophobic region, phospholipid
(label hydrophobic/-philic regions) and the
protein (use one at right) 
25. 6.3: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules
a. Differentiate between osmosis and diffusion
b. Relate the terms diffusion and equilibrium (use each in one sentence together to describe their relationship).
Page 6/12
c. List the three types of passive transport, and tell how they differ from one another.
d. Explain (and use diagrams to help you) what would happen to a human blood cell if placed in each of the three
solutions (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic)
e. If a solution is hypertonic to another, it has a higher concentration of ____________ than the other solution. (NOT
water!)
f.
Explain the difference between passive and active transport
g. Explain why we need active transport
26. 6.4: The cell builds a diversity of products
a. Compare and contrast animal and plant cells
b. Tell the function of each of the following cell parts:
ORGANELLE
Cell membrane
FUNCTION
cell wall
chloroplast
chromosome
Page 7/12
cytoplasm
ER
Golgi body
lysosome
mitochondria
nucleolus
nuclear envelope (membrane)
nucleus
ribosome
vacuole
c. Label the following diagrams (plant and animal cells) with the correct organelles:
27. 6.5: Chloroplasts and mitochondria energize cells
a. Contrast the functions of chloroplasts and mitochondria
b. Explain why only some organisms contain chloroplasts in their cells
28. 7.1: Sunlight Powers Life
a. Identify reactants and products of cellular respiration and photosynthesis (know both equations, and what each
symbol stands for)
b. Identify the basic purposes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration (why we need each).
Page 8/12
c. Explain the role of food (glucose) in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
d. Define autotroph and heterotroph
e. Identify which body cells in which you would most likely find the most mitochondria
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
29. The Human Digestive System:
a. Identify the major parts of the human digestive system on a diagram (USE YOURS TO STUDY)
b. Explain the function of each part of the digestive system
ORGANELLE
esophagus
FUNCTION
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
villi
liver
pancreas
gallbladder
rectum
anus
c. List the path that food takes in the digestive system (the order of organs that food actually passes through)
d. List two organs responsible for mechanical digestion
e. List two organs responsible for chemical digestion
f.
Tell where carbohydrates are first digested
CIRCULATORY, RESPIRATORY AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS
30. Circulatory System:
a. Describe the two systems of blood flow, and explain why each depends on the other
Page 9/12
b. Identify the key functions of the following
blood
heart
blood vessels
arteries
veins
capillaries
c. Compare and contrast the three main types of blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins)
d. In one word, describe how chemicals (nutrients, wastes, oxygen and carbon dioxide, in particular) are exchanged
between the blood and other tissues.
e. Explain why valves are important structures in the heart
f.
Explain what the sound of the heart beat (“lup dupp”) is due to
g. Given a diagram of a heart, diagram the flow of blood through the heart and label the following: right atrium, left
atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, left lung, right lung, valve, aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein
h. Identify cardiovascular diseases and their causes
i. Describe measures you can take to prevent cardiovascular disease
31. Respiratory System:
a. Explain how the diaphragm helps us breathe
b. List the organs of the respiratory system and identify their functions (study w/ flashcards)
Page 10/12
c. Label the following parts of the respiratory system on a
diagram: Voice box, trachea, epiglottis, sinuses, throat,
nose, nasal chamber, bronchus, lung, diaphragm,
bronchioles
d. Explain or diagram gas exchange in lungs and cells
(where does carbon dioxide / oxygen move from / to?)
32. Excretory System
a. Tell the functions of the kidney, liver and the excretory system
b. Differentiate between the excretory function of the liver and the digestive function of the liver.
QUESTIONS FOR INTEGRATION OF UNITS
33. In full sentences, explain how the following systems work together to transport the food you eat to your cells. Make sure to
use each of the following words in your explanation: digestive system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system,
diffusion, large intestine, small intestine, esophagus, lungs, villi, arteries, veins capillaries, heart, oxygen, carbon dioxide.
OVER 
Page 11/12
34. In full sentences, explain the link between the above question and the mitochondria in your cells. Use the proper equation
(photosynthesis or cellular respiration) to aid your answer.
Page 12/12