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UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT a Syllabus for B. Sc. PHYSICS (Main) 199f Admlssion UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT ( Abstract ) of Reviscd Seheme and Syltabus for B. Sc. pbysics idiary) effective from tgglailmissions sanctioned - I GENERAL AND ACADEMIC BRANCH I - 'J' SECTION llJll3612t90 Calicut Uoiversity P. O., Dated, 29-8-1991 Read: i) Minutes of the mecting of the Board of Studies in No. GA Physics (UG) held on l-l t-90, and 20-12-90. ii) Minutes of the meeting of thc Faculty of Science held on 7-6-',91. iii) Item No. II C of the Minutec of the maeting of the Academic Council held on 29-6-9t. ORDER ,-, il:'l'3?,"'.'f#t syn 2 "[Y:],?:J:i bsidiaiy). its meeting held on 7-6-91 had The Faculty of Science at approved theabovc decision of the Board Studies. 3 A _the_Board of Studi Tho met on 29-6-,gL had also bus as recommended by the for being implemented with appro-ved eflect from 199 Sanction t is therefore accorded for the inplementation of revised slheme a-nd syll-abus -fot. B. Sc. Physics (Main course effective from l99l admission onwaids. the and rubsidiary) Orders are issued accordiogly Revised schemo and syllabuc are appended. sdl DEPUTY REGISTRAR 1G & A I) for Registrar 5 UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT Syllabus and Scheme of examination for B.Sc. Physics (Maln) 1To be effective from 1991 admissions onwards) SCHEME The B,Sc. Physics (main) course shall be spread over a period of three years There shali be Six theory papers of i hours duration and Three Practical papers, each of 3 hrs. duration. The hours of teacbing per week shall be as under. Theory 2 hours Practical 2 hours Total 4 hrs. First Theory -3 hours Practical 2 hours Total 5 hrs. Second Year Theory i7 hours Practical 8 hours Total 25 hrs. Third Ycar The scheme of examination and distributicn of marks shall be as Year : : : given below. First Year Duration Max. Marks General and Thermal Paper I Physics Electricity and electroPaper II - magnetism 3 hrs. 70 3 hrs. 70 3 3 hrs. hrs. 70 3 hrs. hrs. 70 70 Seccnd Year Third Year Paper III - Paper lV Classical and Quantuu Mechanics Optics and SpectroscoPy Solid-State Physics and - Electronics Paper Vf - Atomic and Nuclear Physics Practicals Properties of Matter, Paper I - Machanics, Heat, Sound and OPtics Paper V 3 3 hrs. Laboratory Record for PaPer I Electricity and Magnetism __ 3 hrs. Paper II'- - Paper III II hrs. Electronics - laboratory Record for PaPer III 3 LaboratorY Re ord for PaPer '10 50 t0 50 l0 50 l0 rotar jT Students are permitted the use of noo-programmable calculators in the Practical Exaniination. However use of calculators is not allowed in the theory examination. 6 Pattern of Question Papers Theory Papers Marks Section A 2 Questions tobeansweredoutof 4 8x2 - 16 Section B 20 Questions, to be answered out of 25 I * x 20 : 30 Section C 6 Problems to be answered out of 9 4x6 24 = Total = ;0 Praclicals The Question Paper for the Practical total of 6 questions, 2 questions from Pa ontain a II and 2 practical from Paper III. lThe total strength of session shall ordinarilly be t2. Of these 4 candidates shall tre examined in Paper I, 4 in Paper Il and 4 in Paper III.;- SYLI-ABUS PAPER a) Centre I_ GENERAL AND THERMAL PHYSICS of mass and its position for a triangular lamina and 3 Elasticity 4 Thermal Physics (8 hours) Relations connecting the moduli and Poisson's ratio stic 'for a solid. Bending of Ueams moment cantilever, centrally loaded beam and uniformly bent b I-section girder, Torsion of a cylinder-expression for torsional couple. (B/R 2) (32 hours) " (32 hrs.) thermody and P-Ciagrams for a differential changes librium-PV Simple I pple pointparaneters. 2:2.1 to 2.7 and,2.12) Work: Quasistrtic ptocess-work of a work depends on path work in diagram - PV(B/S quasistatic processes. 2:3.1- to 3.6). Heat and the -First Law: (B/S hydrostatic system |s Work and Heat adaibatic work-internal energy function-formulation of First Law-concept of heat-differential form of First Iaw-heat capacity and its measurement equations for- a hydrostatic systemthermal. radiation-Kirchhoff's -law-Stefan-Beltzmann law. (B/S 2 : e. t to 4.7, 4.9,4.14 to 4.16). Ideal gases: Equatio ideal gas-quasistatic adai Conversion of Work int a gas - internal s. (BtS Z: S.t vice versa-inter gas5.5) tion engines-Kelvin-Plank statement of Second Law-equivalcnce of KelvinPlank and Claussius statements. (B/S l:6.1,6.4 to 6.7) Reversibility and irreversibility-integribility of dQ-physical significance of 'lamda' function-Kelvin temperature scale-equality of ideal gas and Kelvin scales. (B/S 2;7.1, 7.6,7.8 to 7.1 l) Entropy: Concept of entrophy-entropy of an ideal gas-TS diagram-Carner cylce-enlropy and reversibility-entrophy and irreversibilityprincipe of increase of eotro and available energy-ontlopy opy and direction-absolute and disorder-entropy and l2). entropy. 1B7S: 8.t to 8.6, s T : d mbolts and Gibbs functions - ergy equations-heat capacity equ- :9. Statistical Mechanics distributi tion func partition : Fundamental principles - eguilibrium disorder, liquifaction Joule-Kel? n effect statc (B/S:2 13.1, 13.2, 13.3). - Nole : gases by JK effect critical The scope of discussion of each topic given- in the syllabus jt.ii dealt with in'the text book referred to against will be to the extent cach topic. of U Books for Study: B/S I : Vector Opetators Dclhi) - P. G. Dawber lWiley Eastern, New BrS I : Heat and Thermodynamics -- Zemansky and Dittnran and Dittmao (Sixth Edn. 1984, McGraw Hill, New Delhi) Books ior Reference: B/R I : Mechanics-D. S. Mathur tChand and Co.) B/S 2 : Properties of Matter - Brijlal and Subramanniam (Chand and Co.) B/R -r : Properties of Matter D.S. Mathus (Chand and Co.) - PAPER II ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRO MAGNETISM (Vector Treatment and SI units are to be fellowed for the study of subjects) Untt I -- Electro Statics Field and Electric Forms. 1t6 hours) Coulomb's law-Electric Flux. Gauss's Larv-Integral and Differential Application of Gauss's law to find the electric field due to I Uniformly charged Spherical insulator 2 3 4 5 6 Uniformly charged Spherical conductor. Charged Cylindrical conductor of infinite length Infinite Plane sheet of charge. Infinite charged conducting plate. Two oppositely charged parallel plates at a point betu'een the plates and at a point outside. Coulomb's Theorem on the outside of a conductor - charge resides Mechanical f.rrce experienced by Unit aiea of a charged surface Energy stored in an electric field Electric'potential as line integral of electric field Electric fleld as negative gradient of potential-potential cutside and -. inside a uniformly charged sphere lConducting and Non cohducting) Electric DipoleDipolemoment Potential and hence field due to an electric Dipole. Poison and Laplace Equation. Theory of dielectrics - Polarisation of dielectrics- Polarisation 9 Unit -2 (5 Hours) Steady Electric Curre[ts Current and current density, 'Relation between them-Relation betwbed current density and charge density-Current density and conductivity. Lorentz Drude theory of electrical conduction-Expression for electrical conductivity-Derivation of Onm's law from Drude's theory-Dependence of Conductivity on temperature-WiedmannFranz law. Unit (20 Hours) 3 Magnetic Effects of Steady currents Biot and Savart larv- Field due to circular and solenoidal currents forcE on moving charge-Force on current carrying conductor - -Lorntz coil mirror galvanometer and Ballistic galvanometer Forcc -moving between two straight parallel conductors carrying currents-Definition of Ampero-Force between two co-axial parallel coils carrying currents circuital theorem-Integral and Differential forms-Appli-Ampere's cation of circuital theorem calculate 'B' inside a solenoid and Toroid Divergence of Magnetic field vector-Maxwell's mod fication of Ampere's circuital theorem- Maxwell's displacement current, Ampere's Theorem of eqivalencc of closed electric circuit to n magnetic shell- Magnetic dipole-Potential and field due to a dipole Potential energy of a dipole in a uniform magnetic dield. Theory of vibration Magnetometer. Magnetic Induction- Flux density-Inteniity of Magnetisation- Susceptibility -- Perneability-Relation between them --Mignetometer method of determining permeability and susceptibility Cycle of magnetisation Hysteristis - B-H-curve-work done per cycle of magenlisation Magnetic circuits and analogy with electric circuitsApplication in the design of an electromagent. a' (8 Hrs.) Unit 4 Electro maguetic iniluction Faroday's and Lenz's Laws-Flemings Right hand Rule f aradays law as a consequence of the Prinoiple of conservation of energy (Newmann's Law) Expression for the electric field set up in a linear conductor moving across a uniforqq magnetic field Integral ada differential forms of Faraday's law. Self inductance and its calculation for solenoid. Non Inductive winding of a coil-Mututal Inductance and its calculation for a solenoid with secondary winding-Energy stored in setting up a steadi current in an Inductance coil- Energy per unit volume in terms of B. Eddy currents and its applications 5 (10 Hrs.) ElectromagneticTheory Maxwell's Equations -- Displacement current-General Equations to Electromagnetic waves in free spacc or in an isotropic dielectric medium Equation to plane waves-Properties-Transverse natureVelocity-Value of electric and magnetic vectors - Angle between them --Poynting's theorem Poynting vector * Hertz Experiment fot thc Unit - i0 production and detection of e,lectrimagnetic waves-Lecher wiresDifferential Equation to waves in a conducting medium-skin effect. Uni.'- 6 Thermo Electricts (5 Hrs.) Seebeck, Peltier-and Thomson eft'ects-Potentiometer-method of measuring Therme e.m.f., Thermo dynamics of Thermocouple __ Tnermo electric power and its relation to peltier and Thomson Co-efficients Unt - 7 Variying currents (5 hours) current in an L-R-circuit. Charging and -thrgugh a resistor-Measurement of high hod-Charging and discbarging of a Caiad Inductor. Unit - 8 Alternating currents (15 hours) P C. by a rotating coil Single and tbree phase A. C. tative idea only) Distribution of A. C.- Star and D R.M.S. value of A. C. of A. C. -Peak valueand - Its use in power transmission. Choke rotating magnetic field and theory of er in Motor. Unit-9 Netryorktheory (5 hours) -Application to wheatstones network id_se- Constant voltage sourse- Cons Nortons and Reciprocity theorems , Maximum power Transfers theorem Unit - l0 Electrical measuring instruments anil measurements (7 hours) co Hibberts lf inducta verical d method--- Earth's Mutual yleigh's m of sing Earth Kiichoff's ctance by Total96 Hours ll lor Books I sludy ElectricityElectronics D. C. Thyal, {r#nixl'ifttf"T,ixi!; Bombay 400 004 - 2 Electricity and Electronics Briiilal and Sudrahmaniam - Raian prakash Mahdir, (with -Vector Treatment and S I Unirs) P. O. Hospital Road, Agra-3 _ Fundmeotals of Electricity 3 and Magnetism Arthur F. Kipp, [nternational student Edition, M C Graw Hill Book Co. New Delhi -tf0 002 4) Electromagnetics B. B. Laud, Wiley Eastern Ltd., Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi Books I for Foundations of Electricity and 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - ll0 002 Reference: Magnetism' Electricity and Magnetism - R. C. Lakhnapal and Sathish K. Gupta, Modein publishers, Nai Sarak, New Delhi - 6 a. S. Mahajan&A. A. Rangawala Tata Megrow Hill, New Dethi Fundamentals of Magnetism and Electricity- D. N. Vasudeva C. Chand & Co. Magnetism and Electricity- N. S. Khare & S. S Srivasthava Atma Ram & Sons, Delhi-6 Electricity and Magoetism .- K. K. Thiwari, B. Chand & Co., with electronics Electrical Technology Vol.I- New Delhi B. L. Theraja, B. Chancl New Delhi & Co,, Electricity and Magnetism- Shaum series Vol.II Addison Feymann Lectures in Wesley Physics Electricity and Magnetism - K. Narayana Kurup, Kerala _University Central Co-op. stores Ltd. Trivandrum PAPER Dooks III: CLASSICAL & QUANTTIM MECHANICS for study: I "Mechanics"-H. S. Hans & P. S. Puri, Tata McGraw-Hill - New Delhi. First Edition, 1984 (For Classical Mechanics) Book 2 of_mg{ern lhysic-s"-Arthur Beiser lMcGrarvHilll Book al Edition, Fourth Edition, i988. lFor euautuni t2 CLASSICAL MECHANICS (2 hours) 1' Mechanics: Scope and Historical Development Physics as the fundamental Science-Historical Development of mechnics somc irnplications of the principles of mechaoics - the scope of mechanics lbook l, SubUnits t,l,l.?., 1.3, 1.+) 2 (6 hours) Co-orrlinate system and Kinematics Rectangular Cartesian Co-ordinate System-Spherical polar Co-ordinate System Expressions for displacemcnt, area, volume, velocity and acceleration in to diamensional and three diamensional systems, (3.f , 3.2, 3.3) 3 (8 hours) Particle Dynamics particle: Newtons law of motion-concepts liuear (a) Single s ' momentun:, implus, angrrlpr momentum, torque work,ofenergy b) Conservative force. System of particles: Centre of mass and Centre of gravity angular momentrrm and energy of a systerr of particles. (4.t., 4.2., 4.3.) Conservation lsws and Properties of space and time (4 hours) Relationship between the laws of mechanics and the properties of space and time-Linear Uniformity of _space and the larv of conservation of linear mornentun-Rotational iniariance of space and the law of conservation of angular momentum-Homogeniety of time and the conservation ofenergy. 15.1, 5.2,5.1, 5.4) (6 hours) 5 InYerse square law force. 4 Forces in mature.Thier spatial dependance-Motion under forces obeying inverse square law-Enqivalent one body problem-Equations of motion under Central forces-Nature of motion under central forces of Barticles and turning points-Kepler's laws of planetary -Trajectory motion-Expression for the period of planets.(6.1, 6.1.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4. 6.5, 6.6, 6. 7.) (9 hours) 6 Collisi6ns laws in collisions Elastic and inelastic collissions Collision problem in laboratory and-conservation centre of mass reference framesRelationship between velocities, angles and kinetic energies in laboratory and centre of rnass systemsCross section of elastic scattering-Rutherlord, scattering. (7. 1., 7.2, 7.3, 1,7), 2,7,4, 7 .5, 7.6). (6 hours). 7 Oscillatory Motion Simple harmonic motion-differential equatioil Expression for displacement-Energy Damped h solution fo Energy of of for SHM- simple harmonic oscillarorits s- of ; l3 forced damped harmonic oscillator-Resonanco-quality factor of a driven oscillator--superposition principle 19.1,9.2. 9.39.4,9.5,9.6,9.1) 8 (9 hours) Frames of Refercnce . Inertial frames of reference -Co-ordinate transformatioils within a reference frame-Newtonian Mechanics and principle of relativity transfornration-Transformation equation for inertial -Galilean frames inclined to each other, with origins conciding-Non inertial frames and fictitious forces -Referencc frames with translation force and ceotrifugal acceleration -Unifo rmly rotati ng frame -cori olis by the rotation of the force-Coriolis and cetrifugal forces produced oarth-effects of Coriolis force due to the rotation of the earth-Foucault's pendulum-Qeographical consequences of Coriolis forceMotion of satellite. (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5. 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10.9.1. 10.i0). 9 Lorettz transformations and their relativistic consequences (9 hrs) Origin and significancb of the special theory of relativity-Search of a universal frame of referance-Michelson-Morley experimentpostulates of the speciat theory of relativity-Consequences of Einstien's Postulates (Qualitative) Loreutz transformation-Consequneces Lorentz transformation-Length contraction-Time dilationty-Velocity of light atiality and maximum stic n of light-Doppler like and time like iotervals. (ll.l, 11.2, ll.3.l. 11.5.2, 11.5.3, 1r.5.5, 11.56, 11,5.7. Il.6). space 11.5, ifrll.5.l, 10 Relativistic energy anil momentum-lt'our Yectors (9 hours) Variation of mass witb velocity-Mass energy equivalence- and energy-F'orce transfor- ,lfi i,tli,1'##'i;?lTlll; their transformations_-Relativity and Newtonian I\{echanics. t2.2. t2.3, 12.4 t2.4.1.12.5, t2.6, 12.7, 12.8) (12.1, QUANTUM MECHANTCS 12 of Quantum Mechanics (12 hours) Wave function and wave equation -Schrodinger equation: time dependant form-Expectation values-Schrodinger equation: steady state form-particle in a box. How boundary condition determine the wave function-Reflection and transmission by a poteatial barrierElements t4 Books for Reference .On Mechanics: I 2 Vibrations 3 Berkely Physics Course Vol.I Kittel, Knight & Rudcrman, Mechanics and Waves ' Mcchanics 4 Mecbanics 5 Introduction to Classical Mechanics 6 Classical Mechanics 7 Special Relativity 8 An Introduction to the Theory of 9 Relativistic McGraw-Hill New York A. P. French, Van NostrandReinhold D. S. IVlathur-Vikas Publishing House, Nevr Delhi. J. C. Upadhyaya-Ram Prasad & Sons Agra R. G. 'Iakrvle & P. S. PuranicTata Mc Graw Hill, Ncw Delhi. Goldstein-Addison Wesley. A. P. French-Van Nostrand W.G.V. Rosser-Butter-Worths, I ondon S athya Paakash-Pragathi Prakasan, Merrut. Relativity Mechanics On Qiantum Mechanics I Introduction to Modern : Elmer E Anderson- ? I PAPER IV_ OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY Refractior at spherical surfaces 2 Un Flux-Intensity of illumination-Illuminating law-Photo-Electric Photometer. square Power r5 3 Velocity of light * the tmpo electro-optic determination ent 4 knowledge of the Cell meihod and y of light. Interference Interferometers -- Michelson's inter wavelength rdisation only) difference between waveleng of- the metre -Febry 5 Diffraction 6 Polarisation perot InI Optical activity-Fresnel's explanation and experiment--specific -Laurent's half shade polarimeter- the Biquartz polarimeter. MoDERN .PTICS rotation 7 Lasers .Principle of laser-stimulated emission-population inversionoptical pumping Einstein's coefficients solid- siate laser cg:- Ruby t6 laser-Gas laser eg: -- He-Ne Iaser. Liquid lasers lpriliminary ideas only) - Applications of lasers. 8 flolography on process --' Principle of applications ferometry 9 f0 - of h graPhic inter- acousl Fibre Optics Optical fibre--principle and applications - integrated optics SPECTROSCOPY f)ispersion s is d dispersibn-Cauchy of dispersio study only) wood's experiment Norinal elementary theory formulae ualitative f sodium vapo ur. I Scattering ol' light: -Rayleigh's scattering-scattering as dipoel a function of wavelength-Mie scattering. Rarnau effects Quantum theory of Raman effect - Experimental study- constant deviaiion spectroscope - applications of Raman effect. l2 Churacterisation of electromegmetic spectrum - quantisation of energy-ragions of spectrum-representation'of spectrum width and intensity of spectral lines. I radiation Rayleigh's scattering as spectrum in the determination of the abr.rtdance rigi<! rotator and its spectrum. of isotopes--the non- 14 Infrared spectroscopy:-1he vibrating dia simple harmonic ou.ill3tor vibrational quantum vibrational levels-the an-harmonic oscillator-its level diagram-The diatomic vibrating rotator-its rotational-vibrational energy level diagram-the vibration-rotation spectrum of carbon monoxide. Books sludy for 1 A Text book of Optics by Subrahmaniam and Brij Lal, S. Chand & Co. (for Chapters I,2.,3, a, 5, 6 and ltl) 2 Introduction to classical and modern Optics ['ry Jurgen R Meyer 3 Arendt. Printice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. (For Chapters 7, E. Y and I l) Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy Tata Mc Glaw Hill Publishing Co. (For Chapters l2 and l3) by C. N. Banwell- ti PAPER V_SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS I Free Out of electr metals of metals-electrical conductivity mobility Perties' Tunnel, photo diodes. 4 Transistors operating point. Bi stabilis base bi bias resistance 5 elec ing vot for given operating point. Transistor Amplifiers Point - bias Collector to alculation of 13 6 Feedback Circuits Ilasic principles negative and positive feedback basic types of negative feed back ci'cuits- emittcr fdllou,er a"a-lts 7 Oscillators piopiiti.i.'" -requirement ed collector, H ssion for freq 8 differcnt Crystal, -osci- ge Modulation and Demodulation 9' Digital computation (Qualit of TV signals-picture tube-- t 10 Telivision. Basic idea 11 agrams) Scanning-colour antenna. Special devices LED, Thyristor, SCil. Triac, Dirc, UJT; FET, MOSFET, LCD Integrated circuit and its fabrication (basic ideas only) 12 Vacuum Tubes Diode, Triode, Tetrode, Pentode -., their characteritics. Books for study I chapter 2 3 4 I by Gupta 2to9,tl&r2S Principles-of-Electronics lFor chapter 2 to g,.S.I I and l2) Chand anO Co. !V V. L Mehta -4th edirion l99r repri4t. Basic Electronics and linear circuits. lFor chapters 2 to 9, ll & I l9 !?-.Ay N. N. Bhargava and D. C. Kulsreshta-TA.IA MC Graw 5 Hill Basic Telivision and - chapter _Vi4!o systems (For by Bernard Books I Grab-Mc Graw Half '- i0 only) for teference PAPER The Electron l-l l-2 Cathode 2-3 Is VI-ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS rays-Nature and properties. e/m- o{ cathode rays-Thomson's method and Dunnington,s method. 1-3 The electron-fundament constituental of matter-chargc on the electron-Millikan's experiment- Mass of electron. 2 Positive Rays 2-l D sitive rays-properties. ?-2 a asurement on positive rays_Thomson's parabola m otr's mass spectograpb. 3 Structure of Atom 3-l Spectrum ofhydrogeu 3-2 3-3 3-7 Thomson's atom model Rutherford's experisqent-on the scattering of alpha particlesDerivation of scattering formula Rutherfords atom model-features and defects. Sommerfeld's atom model Halpha line. aud explanatron of fine structure of 2\) 3-l I 3-12 Optical spectra-spectral terms -spcctral notation selection ruies Intlnsity rules-fine structure of the sgdium D-line Hyper-fine structure. Z66man effect Zeeman effect -Normal and anomalous - classical. 3-.13 Stark effect-Faraday - Explanation of Normal effect. 4 X-Rays 4-l Production of X-rays, properties and uses of X-rays . 4-2 Continuous and charactersiic X-ray spectra- Nature and orgin. 4-3 Moseley's law - Deduction from Bohr's theory-Importance of law Moselcy's -diffraction-Bragg's law -Bragg X-ray spectrometer4-4 X-ray Measurement of wave length. 4-5 X-ray diffrsation--Powdermethod. 4-6 4-7 ravais lattices of KCL and Nacl. 5 Wave Nature of matter 5-1 Matter waves-De Broglie's Hypothesis Expression for wavelength 5-2 Daiisson and Germer's experiment G. P. Thomson's experlment on electron diffraction. 6 Natural 6-l 6-2 Radioactivity E of alpha particles- Idcntificaum nuclei. VelocitY and range of I law. tfmann's ctrograph for measuring energy of ctruir Nature and origin- Pauli's n sPe- -Magnetic Beta ray spe' othesis. Expla- of beta ray spectrum K. Electron caPture Gama ray spectrum. Nature and origin Nuclear isonrerism nation 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6 6-7 lf tife Period. DecaY Meanlife. Relation to decay constant. Measurement of decay corrsiant-units of ty. ctessive dis integration-Radioactive equilibrium. isotopes and their uses. Carbon datiog. 6-8 6-9 7 The Necleus 't-l Charge number-Mass 7-2' Artlicial transmutatio particles. ntaion of nucleus.. experiment with Alpha a 2l 7-3 Discovery of neutron-Determioation of the mass of neutto[, 7-4 Protron-nutron composition of atomic nucleus. 't-5 7-6 7-7 Isotope, isobar, isomer, isotone, isodiasphercs. Nuclear size, mass, density, charge, angular momentum-Magne' tic dipole moment-electric quadruple moment. Mass defect, binding ercrgy-plcking fraction and stability of nucleus. 7-8 7-9 Nuclear reactions-Reaction cnergy - conservation laws. Examples of reactions induceed by protons,. neutrons, deuterons and alpha particles. Ariificial radioactivity-positron. 7-10 Fission Reaction-Nuclear rectors powcr rcactol's Breeder reactors -reactors in India-Atom bomb;-l I Fusion Reaction-Solar energy-Hydregen bomb. 7-lZ Nuclear forces-properties of nuclear forces-Meson theory. 'l-13 Nuclear models liquid drop model-Explanation of fission shell model-Evideirce for shell model. 8 Particle accelerators 8-l Linear accelerators 8-2 and their limitations Cyclotron. Expressiou for energy-derivation-Limitations' of synchrocyclotron. 8-3 Betatron-Dorivation of Betatron condition 8-4 Electron synchtotron and proton synchrotron. Basic ideas ldea onlY. 9 Particle detectors 9-l Ionisation chamber 9-2 Proportionalcounter 9-3 Solid state detector 9-4 G. M. counter 9-5 Cloud chamber 9-6 Bubble chamber -7 Photographic emulations 0 Scintillation counte rs 9-11 Spark chamber 9-\2 Ctrcnkov radiation detector 9-13 Merits and demerits of the above devicos l0 Cosmic rays & fundamental particles l0-l Discovery 9 9-l !. 10-2 Latitude effect 10-3 10-4 r0-5 f0-6 l0-7 Basic idea of quarks cosmic raYs cation of elemcntary partioles J') Books for reference I M 2 3 & 4 5 6 7 LIST OF EXPERTMENTS FOR PRACTICALS Practlcal I 2 3 4 paper-l (Mechanics, properties of matter, heat, sound and optics) Uniform Bending Non-uniform, bending Non-uniform bending Cantilcver Determination the bar q.- 5 Torison pendulum 6 7 Static Torsion 8 9 l0 II By_ of y of the material of measurement of depre- ssion and b. By measurement of aisle Determination of I of the Torsiiu Pendulum and rigidity modulus of tfri matetial of the wire-.using two idential nlasses Mirror and Telescope method-Determination of 'n'. Searle's rotation viscometer of viscosity of watcr Tension of a .Coefficient Surface liouid Specific latent heat of steam Jolly's Bulb 12 Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor 13 Thcrmal conductivity of rubber q C vl of vls,cosity d. of a bighly essure.head method Capillary rise method Determinalion o?'L'-Barton.s correction Determ S. V. p. of water at differen Less Di ures Radial flow nethod-radiation correcation to be applied 23 l4 Emissivity of the surface and emissive power Usilg spherical calorimeter l5 Melde's string t6 Liquid Iens r7 Spectrometer I8 Spectrometer r9 Spectrometer 20 Spectrometer 2l Spectrometer 22 Spectrometer Grating-Resolving power and dispcr- 23 Newtons rings Reflected system - determination of 24 25 Air index of the material of the plisp i, i, curve arrd stoke's formula. Determinatiou of refractive idex. Small angled prism, determination of refra,ctlve index by normal incidence and normal emergence methods deviation method srve power wavelength of sodium curvature of the lens Wedge Measurement light and radius of diameter of wire or thickness of paper On optic bench or spectrometer-dctert !iprism mination of wavelength of sodium ligh- List of fxperirnents for practical paper II (Electricity & Magnetism) I Deflection Magnetometer Determination of pole Strength - Tan C position 2 Dctermination of M & Bn Deflection Magnetometer J Detcrmination of M & 4 Circular coil Bn " & Box Type vabratlou magn etometer Box type and Searleis type magneto_ meters Study comp circurar coir of variaiion of .B'_ Field using lss box and determination }fifi,':lilrtfrtJ""t", oT fierd using searro.s vibrat ion magnetomerer -- deterirination of 86 6 7 Carer Foster's Bridee Potentiometer Temp, co.efficient of resistanco Ammeter calibration 24 l-l Potentiometer Potentiometea Potentiometer Potentiometer 12 Potontiometer 8 9 l0 l3 14 15 Reduction Factor of T. G. Voltmeter calibration-Low range Voltmeter calibration-hig9 range Thermo E. M F. -assuming c. m. f' of accumulator Thermo e m. f. assuming e. m. f. of stantlard cell Convcrsion of Galvanometer into law range voltmeter and checking using potentiometer Conversi,on oI Galvanometar into ammeter and checkirg using potentiometer Verification of Network theorems lThevenin's and Norton'e l6 t7 l8 l9 -2C B. G. Absolute capasitance of a capacitor 2l ' B: G: b-o.puiiro,Jof capacitances I Direct method a.nd De Sauty's method 2! B. G. Determination of ?-3 B. G. Determination of ;4 n. C. D"t..mination of ZS g. C. O.t.trnination of coils 1' of -Kirchoff's nethod. List of Experience of Practicai Paper III lElectronics) 1 Familiarisation of C. R. O. and mel-curement of ftequency and 2 3 4 5 6 7 of a low voltage source. Charicteristics of Triode Valve: Determinatiorr of Plate resistance, mutual conductance and amplification l'ector p. N.'Junction Diode-Characteriitics. forward bias and reverse bias determination of forward D. C. resi tance. bUara"i"iitti". of a junction Transistor-CB conligurationDetermination of coustants of the transistor CharaEeristics of a junction transistor-CE configurationvoltage determination of constants of the transistor Characteristics of zener diode. Study o.f Logic AND OR gate using Diodes and resistances meas tr 9 10 ll R' C rralf Full rioole factor with and without filter. giiige rectifier-construction measurement and after filtcring. an RC circuit riPPle factor meisurement of of ripple factor before )5 12 Voltage regulator using Zener diode 13 single stage cE amplifier--construction and ,'. . voltage gain. 14 Single stage CE amplifire-construction conversion to Hartley oscillator. l5 measurement of and gain measurement- Single stage CE-applifirg construction and gain measurement- coaversion to colpitts Oscillator 17 Transistor straight receiver Books for reference for electronie experiments Basic Electronics and linear circuitt 2 Experiments in Electronics . *. *. Bhargava, S. G. Gupta Tata Ivlc Graw Hill Co. By S. V. Subrahmaniam, Mc. Millan India Ltd., 4 Community Centre Narains Industsrial area phas I, New Delhr i l0 029 . RF]GISTRAR cup/134 B-l t931700 ( I