Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Protein domain wikipedia , lookup
Western blot wikipedia , lookup
Protein folding wikipedia , lookup
Protein mass spectrometry wikipedia , lookup
Circular dichroism wikipedia , lookup
List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Intrinsically disordered proteins wikipedia , lookup
Chemistry Worksheet Functional Groups and Amino Acids Name: ___________________________ Block: ___________ . Answer each question in the space required. Show all work. Amino acids are the “building blocks” for proteins. Proteins are high molar mass molecules that are created by linking amino acids end-to-end to form long chains, ranging from a few hundred to hundreds of thousands linked amino acids. These chains of linked-amino acids fold around, crosslink, and hydrogen bond with other parts of the chain, to form the final structure of proteins. Below are depicted only four examples of the amino acids that form proteins. (Human protein contains 20 different amino acids.) O H3 C NH2 OH NH2 Alanine (Ala) O O O O OH HO NH2 Glutamine (Gln) OH O NH2 Aspartic Acid (Asp) HS OH NH2 Cysteine (Cys) 1. Name the functional groups that are common to these (and all) amino acids. Draw this backbone structure using R− to label functional groups that are not in common 2. Why are amino acids called “amino acids”? 3. What is the hybridization for each of the two carbons that all amino acids have in common? 4. Examine the hydrogen atoms that are attached to the functional groups all amino acids have in common. Which functional group is more acidic? Why? 5. The other functional group is more basic? Why? 6. For each of the amino acids listed above, name and draw the functional group that is not in common with all amino acids. These functional groups are often called the “side groups” or “side” chains”. a. Ala c. Asp b. Gln d. Cys Copyright © 2014, Alan D. Crosby, Newton South High School, Newton, MA 02459 Chemistry Worksheet Functional Groups and Amino Acids . Name: ___________________________ Block: ___________ 7. In a certain solution pH range, amino acids form what are called “zwitterions”, from the German meaning “hermaphrodite ions” (sometimes translated as “hybrid ions”). In short, on a single amino acid, one of the functional groups gives up a proton to become negatively charged, and the other functional group accepts a proton to become positively charged! Draw two Lewis Structures for alanine: one structure should depict uncharged functional groups, while the second structure should depict the zwitterion. 8. Look up (in a book or on the Internet) the structure for the nine essential amino acids (for humans). Name, give the three letter designation, and draw a Lewis structure for each one. 9. Why are these nine amino acids called “essential”, when human protein is comprised of 20 amino acids? Copyright © 2014, Alan D. Crosby, Newton South High School, Newton, MA 02459