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 Viet Nam Urban Development Policies/Strategies toward adaptation for climate change


Viet Nam Urban Development Policies/Strategies
toward adaptation for climate change
M O C : D R . P H A M K H A N H TO A N ; D R . P H A N VA N B O ; D R . T R A N T H I L A N A N H
MONRE: DR. NGUYEN LANH
EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE
INTO NATIONAL URBAN POLICIES
BANGKOK, 17-18 MARCH 2015
Viet Nam profile
Country name
Socialist Republic of Viet Nam
Surface area
331,051 km² Urban land: 30,700 km2 (10%
country land).
Population
•91.70 million(2012); Population density of
core city 10.000-15.000 people/km2 (Hanoi
oorr HCM city)
Urbanization
774 cities and Towns; Urbanization: 35%; (
2014); Migration from rural to urban areas
about 1 to 1.3 million/year.
GDP
USD 170.0 billion(2012, IMF); GDP per
capita USD >2200(2014, provisional)
Percentage of employment
by industry
Economic growth rate
•77% urban population access water
supply services.
•50% of solid waste collected and treated.
•95%
urban
population
Primary
industry:
48%
access electrical
Secondary industry: 21%
5.7%(2014, IMF);
disaster damage/year
1.5% GDP.
Infrastructure servive
Climate change is a challenge of Viet Nam
CC SCENARIO 2012 – Sea level rise could be 0.75m -1m
• Viet Nam ranked 13th among the top
16 countries most affected by
climate change
• Natural disasters, flood, drought
increasing in both frequency and
number cause the risk for urban
development;
• 39% of the Mekong Delta area (1.6
million ha & 6.3 million people), >
20% of HCMC area; > 10% of the
area of Red river delta & Quang
Ninh; and > 2.5% of the area of
Central coastal provinces facing
flooding risk.
►Impacts on population and human
settlements, national and local GDP
►Impacts on infrastructure (water
supply and rivers); Urban drainage
… and transport system: of the rail
system 4%, 9% of the national
highway system and of about 12% of
provincial roads will be affected.
►Over last 55 years, there were 72
storms, 51 floods, 5 droughts with
heavy damages.
Climate change is a challenge of Viet Nam urbanization regions
Southern Delta faces the risk of
wide-scale flooding (especially in
the Mekong Delta and Ho Chi
Minh city)
North Delta is vulnerable to the RISK
OF SALINIZATION, affecting CLEAN
water supply to the URBAN areas
1/4 of the North Delta’s area is below sea level, about 50 70% of the area will be threatened by saltwater intrusion,
areas with the 20 - 60 km distance shall be affected
salinity intrusion.
Guido Wyseure, KU Leuven UEPP Tailor-made Training29 June
2007
Climate change impact to Mekong Delta Region
CC SCENARIO 2012 – SEA level RISE Could BE 0.75M -1M
Mekong Delta has been affected by CC & other
country’s activities (belonging to GMS):
➢ Annual flood season in the Delta has signs
of abnormal fluctuations, flooding in
urban areas with larger scale and longer
period, the phenomenon of landslides ,
storm surges, with storms, tornadoes
appear more and more frequently;
Prolonged hot weather conditions
affecting agricultural production;
Intrusion of mangroves along the coastal
provinces .
➢ The hydro-power projects on the upper
mainstream of Mekong River will be major
challenges and difficulties that the
Mekong Delta (MD) has to suffer from .
Coastal urban areas and MD vulnerable to flooding
Total
Total urban area population
(km2)
of areas
(million
Inne Total Inne
Urban area name
Total area
r popu r
area latio area’
n
s
04 urban areas of grade I, namely Hai Phong, Da Nang, Quy
714. 3.36 2.08
3,298.2
Nhon, and Nha Trang
3
02 urban areas of grade II, namely Phan Thiet and Vung Tau
346.6
154. 0.51 0.43
09 urban areas of grade III, namely Cam Pha, Sam Son, Cua
317.
1,204
1.07 0.84
Lo, Dong Hoi, Tam Ky, Hoi An, Tuy Hoa, Phan Rang-Thap
6
Cham,
and
Bacof
Lieu
05 urban
areas
grade IV namely towns: Song Cau, Van
0.18
760.8
87.1 0.31
Gia, Lagi, Phan Ri Cua, Ha Tien
3
6 urban areas of grade V
69.8
0.05
01 urban areas of grade II, namely Ha Long city
272
199. 0.22 0.2
01 urban area of grade III, namely Cam Ranh town
325
147. 0.13 0.09
01 special urban area, namely HCMC
2,095
494 7.16 5.88
02 urban areas of grade I namely Vinh city and Can Tho city
1,513.9
440. 1.64 1.03
02 urban areas of grade III, namely Ha Tinh city and Vi
175
61.1 0.18 0.13
01 urban area of grade IV namely Hong Linh town
58.6
0.03
05 urban areas of grade V
89
0.04
01 urban area of grade III namely Rach Gia city
103.6
58.5 0.21 0.19
02 urban areas of grade IV namely Ninh Hoa town and Vinh
19.3
0.04
06 urban areas of grade V
148.9
148. 0.09 0.09
01 urban area of grade V, namely Tuy Phuoc town
6.4
6.4 0.01 0.01
05 urban areas of grade V
53.6
53.6 0.07 0.07
04 urban areas of grade V
27.2
27.2 0.03 0.03
4
4
Highly vulnerable urban area
Location
Total
Coastal urban
Bayside urban
26
2
Riverside urban
11
Salt-marsh urban
1
Seaside urban
Urban area near the
Urban area near the
Urban area near the
sea estuary
8
1
5
4
Coastal, riverside, delta urban areas are vulnerable to flooding, SLR, high tide, land
loss, salinization. It’s forecasted that about 40 provinces with 128 urban areas in Red
river delta, central coastal and Southern regions have high risk of flooding, of which,
24 urban areas of 15 provinces face the risk of serious and very serious flooding.
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT TO Mountainous and
highland urban areas
BASED ON CC SCENARIO 2012
Region
Total
1
Midland and Northern
mountainous region
74
2
North Central and
Central Coastal region
42
3
Central Highlands
24
4
Southest region
Total
3
143
Urban areas vulnerable to flash flooding,
flooding, landslide
01 urban area of grade I, namely Viet Tri city;
7 urban areas of grade III, namely towns and
cities: Bac Can, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Ha Giang, Hoa
Binh, Phu Thọ, Son La;
01 urban areas of grade IV, namely Muong Lay
65 urban areas of grade V
01 urban area of grade I namely Hue city;
2 urban areas of grade IV, namely Huong Thuy and
Tu Ha town;
39 urban areas of grade V.
01 urban area of grade I, namely Buon Ma Thuot
city;
01 urban area of grade III namely Bao Loc city;
03 urban areas of grade IV namely Buon Ho town,
EaKar, Gia Nghia;
19 urban areas of grade V and V.
03 urban areas of grade V
Mountainous, highlands urban area affected by flood,
flashing flood, landslide, groundwater depletion. Among
31 provinces vulnerable to landslide and flash flood,
about 143 urban areas face the risk and among these
143, 17 areas may be seriously impacted.
VIET NAM URBAN DEVELOPMENT UNDER PLAN AND MASTER PLAN
(Decision No. 445/QD-TTg dated 07/04/2009 and the Decision No. 1659/QD-TTg dated
07/11/2012 of the Prime Minister)
Mega city region
Urbanization region
network
Strategy
➢ Metropolitan
regions
➢ Great cities, big
cities (city of
national of
regional center )
➢ Key urban
development
exits on the
North-South and
West-East
➢ Corridor areas to
China, Laos,
Cambodia
corridor
Phase 1
2014 (774 cities
&towns)
CHALLENGS
Phase 2
2020 (840 cities
&towns)
Phase 3
2025 (940 cities
&towns)
►Regions prioritized for urbanization, EZ, IP, and tourism development, are highly vulnerable to CC
►The plan is lack of CC adaption measures
CHALLENGE
The plan is lack of CC adaption measures
1.
Regional MP
2. Urban MP
3. Zoning plan
4.
Detailed Plan & Design
5.
Rural residential area plan
Urban infrastructure
development project
▪ Coastal
development MP;
▪ 04 key economic
zone plans;
▪ Plans of the 02
large metropolitan
regions
▪ Coastal economic
zone plan
▪ Sectorial MP (land
use, transportation,
port, IP, EZ)
▪ MP of Central large
city of national
level;
CHALLENGE
Documents, mechanisms and policies, standards and criteria are
lacking CC impact/risk assessment or they are inaccurate
Indicators, standards of flood, rising tide … are outdated
Characteristics of the areas
Type of
Population
metropolitan
(person)
1 . Public centers, residential areas, Special
> 1,5 mil
1% (100
Industrial Parks, Warehouses,
logistics (including urban and
Frequency P
years)
Type I
> 500.000
suburban areas)
1% (100
years)
Type I I
> 250 000
2% (50 years)
Type I I I
> 100 000
2,5% (40
years)
Type I V
> 50 000
Type V
> 4000
5% (20 years)
10% (10
years)
2. Green spaces, entertainment areas, Special
> 1,5 mil
sports
Over 4 000 ÷
Types I - I V
under
5% (20 years)
500
10% (10
years)
000
Type V
3. Rural residences (farms)
50% (2 years)
Civil works ≥ HmaxTB year
Public works ≥ HmaxTB year + (0,3÷ 0,5)m
4. Specialized areas (out of town)
P≥ 1%
a. IP, EPZ, HTP (out of town)
b. Historical relics
Need protection
c. Tourism sites
Upgrade the platform to prevent flooding
Need to
consider higher
frequencies
CAUSES FOR THE DAMAGE, RISKS IN CITIES AND
TOWNS (planning and worsened by actual implementation that is not in accordance with the plan)
●
●
●
●
●
●
Urban infrastructure is incomplete or is
not available (towns). The main drainage
axis is narrowed and is not sufficient
during the rainy season; small or do not
meet the development needs;
Te c h n i c a l m e a s u r e s a r e n o t i n
synchronization; capacity of main works,
culverts is not sufficient for
drainage
needs. Many transport routes have been
raised and become “dikes”, restricting
drainage, causing flooding of the areas;
Plans are lack of impact assessment or
deploying out-of-date standards:
Urban development management,
particularly of construction ground
elevation and urban drainage system
management have been weak.
Poor awareness of weather forecast;
Poor awareness of protection area
management, flood drainage corridors,
urban water storage system.
Efforts of the Government of Viet Nam
Minister of Natural Resources and Environment COP 13 conference
Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung at COP15 (2009 , Danmark)
participants (2007 Bali )
● Viet Nam to participate in international conferences
● Ratified the commitment to reduce emissions by Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment: Focal -14 ministries participate
● Complete the development of scenarios of climate change , sea level rise for
Viet Nam (published 2009, 2012 & 2015)
● Implement the program
Achievement
Develop Policy/legal system: Since 2005, the Prime Minister issued: Directive on implementing the Kyoto
Protocol under the Framework Convention on Climate Change of the United Nations (2005); Resolution
of the Government assigned the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in building national
target program to cope with climate change (2008), National Strategy on Climate Change (2011),
National Strategy for Growth Green (2012) and a lot of policies and legislation related to climate change
was enacted in the field of natural resources, biology, agriculture, forestry, environmental construction,
irrigation, transport, energy, public industrial, medical ...
The international corporation to implemented pilot projects (such as the Government of Denmark, Japan,
France, the Netherlands, Norway, ADB, WB ....) such as: building disaster warning systems, flood ,;
research solutions to climate change adaptation and water management; Reduce greenhouse gas
emissions through efforts to reduce deforestation and forest degradation in Vietnam "; Agriculture
deploying model low-carbon ...
Positive result : With the support of the international community , the effort , the initiative of the
ministries, branches and localities have yielded significant results in the ability to cope with climate
change : Awareness of climate change sectors, level , organizations and people has made positive
changes ; Institutional , policy , organizational structure on climate change has been initially established
; Many activities for climate change adaptation , disaster prevention , mitigation of greenhouse gas
emissions is done ;
● Negative result: lack of coordination , review and evaluate the replication results Documentation
research into practice is hard
Policy/legal system are added or renewed
● Reviewing the overall system of policy and legislation on climate change
●
●
●
●
adaptation, improvement associated with the restructuring of the economy,
transforming growth model;
Building infrastructure in sync, perfecting and developing human resources;
Build policies and laws on green growth, favorable to the green economy
development approach;
Strengthen the state budget for responding to climate change, direct investment
budget for priority projects to cope with climate change; integrated programs
and projects related to climate change in the annual plan and five years from
2016 to 2020 of the ministries, branches and localities of the country;
Actively participate in international programs on climate change adaptation in
order to take advantage of the support of finance, technology, capacity building
programs implemented projects; extended forms of BOT, BTO, PPP ... and
encourage and mobilize organizations, individuals, businesses and foreign
suppliers, financial investment programs and projects responding to climate
change .
KEY ACTIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR (in accordance with drafting Action Plan in response to CC of the Construction Sector in 2012-2015
1.
Establish the Steering Committee of the action plan in response to CC of the Construction sector; Establish an Office of CC
response;
2.
Conduct a survey, in fact, a preliminary assessment of climate change impacts to urban development, urban infrastructure,
housing, etc.
3.
Develop national standards, norms for the planning, design, construction of infrastructure and works
4.
Implement pilot projects, programs and researches:
○
Review and coordinate with local and international organizations to propose planning solutions for a number of regions
and cities in the Mekong Delta, central region, northern region, big cities like HCMC, Ha Noi in the context of increasing
natural disasters and sea level rise;
○
Enhance International cooperation in some pilot projects: with Japan in a pilot project on eco-urban area development in
Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City; with Holland in the development of HCMC towards sea; flood control in MRD;
○
Study to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance efficient use of alternative energy in urban development and rural
residential areas;
○
Study and propose energy efficient, environmental friendly construction materials and materials that have low greenhouse
emissions (adobe bricks);
○
Research and develop green architecture, water urban area.
6.
Strengthen the role of urban government in coping with climate change; involve community in case of CC warnings through
capacity building program in construction and urban development management as per Decision No. 1961/QD-TTg dated
25/10/2010
7.
Actively study to integrate CC adaption in urban development management, “Development of Viet Nam urban areas in response
to CC”.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF VIET NAM IN RESPONSE TO
CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE PERIOD 2013 – 2020
Approved by the Prime Minister under Decision No. 2623/QD-TTg, dated 31/12/2013
The project duration is until 2020, after-2020 vision. Specifically:
• Phase I (2013-2015): Priority given to 5 big cities: Ho Chi Minh City,
Ha Noi, Can Tho, Hai Phong, Da Nang and 1 province: Ca Mau
province.
• Phase II (2016 - 2020): Implemented in 35 high-risk cities, including
24 cities of 15 provinces in the northern coastal, central coastal region
and Mekong Delta; 11 cities of 10 provinces in the northern
mountainous region and Central Highlands.
• After 2020: Implemented in coastal, delta urban areas that are at risk
of flooding and urban areas that are at high risk of flash floods,
landslides in the Northern mountainous, central coastal, Southeast
regions and Central Highlands.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN VIET NAM IN RESPONSE TO
CLIMATE CHANGE TO 2020
(Issued together with Decision No. 2623/QD-TTg December 31, 2013 of the Prime Minister)
Program 1: Developing a database and mapping system for urban risk warning
(Atlas of Urban Risks and Climate Change)
Program 2: To Complete legal system relating urban planning and urban
development with climate change adaptation integration
Program 3: Adding content of climate change adaptation integration into
regional planning, provincial and urban planning
Program 4: The system of technical documentation (guidelines, codes,
standards)
Program 5: Coordination with international organizations to carry out scientific
research on urban development to respond to climate change and
implementing pilot projects to develop ecological, green cities in Viet Nam
For urban areas
COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTION
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Adaption
projects
Review the planned
that have been approved, taking
flooding, landslides into
consideration.
Prepare inundation maps for
specific action plans
Promulgate regulations on
urban governance
towards
nature conservation, dredging
and leveling restriction.
Build the resettlement areas for
relocation of the temporary
riverside, coastal houses.
Invest in the synchronous
transport system, particularly
urban drainage systems
Invest in embankments, walls at
the critical coastal areas.
Strictly prohibit construction in
areas with high erosion risk
Measures and strategies
– Analyze soil conditions/land use
capacity/land use status quo in the
flooded areas.
– Thoroughly review the project
progress
– Identify urban scale/Urban
development area/Construction
density
– Zoning for green space protection
and control, give the space to
drainage corridor development
– Infrastructure/Transportation
•
Minimization
–
–
–
–
Minimization
Use of natural resources
Flooding
Energy demand
CO2 emissions
For urban areas
SPECIFIC MEASURES IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT
INVESTMENT IN FEATURED GEOGRAPHIC AREAS
Identify the cause and scale of flooding/risk of land use and financial
investment in the city development
Featured geographic
areas
Coastal
area
1. Improve the system of lakes on the river basin/
canal reservoirs
Inner
area
2. Improve the rainwater drainage and wastewater
system in urban areas.
3. Build and dredge the system of canals, rivers
through urban areas.
Suburb
Mountainous
area
4. P r om ot e wa t e r s he d a f f or e s t a t ion/TR E E
PLANTING in the salt-marsh/TREE PLANTING
FOR RIVER BASIN PROTECTION and urban
parks.
Institutional organization
Institutional Structure in Vietnam’s Urban Development
National
Assembly
People’s Council
Government
Ministries & Agencies of
the Government
(MOC, MPI, MONRE
MOF)
People’s Committee of
provinces/cities
Agencies & Departments
of People Committee
(DOC, DAP, DPI, DTPW,
DONRE, DOF)
Developers
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is the national focal point for implementing
activities of response to climate change in the country and with international collaboration
● The national target program on response to climate change has
been carried out nation-wide in 3 phases: initial phase (from 2009
to 2010), implementation phase (from 2011 to 2015) and
development phase (after 2015) with 9 tasks: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Assessment of level and impacts of climate change in VN
Definition of solution for response to climate change
Development of science-technological programs on climate change
Enhancing capacity of organization, institutions, policy on climate
change
Enhancing awareness and development of human resource
Promotion of international cooperation
Integration of climate change issues into strategies, programs,
planning, plans of socio-economic development, sectoral and local
development
Development of action plans of ministries, localities for response to
climate change; and
Development and implementation of projects under programs.
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN CHARGE OF URBAN PLANNING
Approaches, Policies and Incentives in Attracting
Investments for CC adaptation in the Urban Sector
● Funding for CC adaptation activities from 2009 to
2015 implemented by ministries is about 2,374
billion VND (110 mill USD), which is 50 % foreign
capital, domestic capital is 50 % ( the central budget
of about 30 % , about 10 % local and 10 % other
sources ).
● Sources: State budget; preferable credits; private
contributions; international grants.
Approaches, Policies and Incentives in
Attracting Investments in the Urban Sector
Estimation of Investment needs for CC adaptation, infrastructure
development (2011-2015): USD 85 billion, in which urban infrastructure
investment accounts for 30%
• Domestic investment: 75-80% (state budget: 18%; government bonds:
4%; State credit: 5,5%; state enterprises: 10%; private sector: 45%)
• FDI: 20-25%.
Public investment in urban development:
• Investment sources: local budget, subsidy from state budget, loan from
municipal development funds, ODA, State Owned Commercial Banks
(SOCBs), municipal bonds.
• Sectors: mainly in non-revenue sectors, e.g. public transport, water
supply and wastewater treatment plants, environment, and administration
reform.
Participation of Private Sector in Urban development:
• Form of Investment: BOT, BTO, BOO, BT, PPP, 100% private investment.
• Diversified sub-sectors: Urban transport, water supply, sewage systems;
and wastewater and solid waste management, housing & new town
development, heath service, education, training, culture, sport.
Development Partner’s Activities and
Assistance for Urban Development in Viet Nam
JBIC (Urban Infrastructure & Environment)
WB (Urban upgrading & infrastructure)
ADB (Urban Infrastructure & Environment)
GTZ (Water&Sanitation)
AFD (Water&Sanitation)
Finland (Water & Sanitation)
Norway (Drainage &Sanitation)
Swizeland (Drainage)
Spain (Urban Transportation)
The Netherland (Drainage &Sanitation)
Korea (Drainage, urban planning)
Current ODA Commitment in Urban
Development
5,000
3,750
2,500
1,250
00
1
2
Partners
Cooperation with international organizations to build
community’s CC adaption capability at city level
• Enhance awareness, capability and response of local
organizations;
• Develop new knowledge about vulnerability to CC and
potential responses;
• Prepare strategy on CC and test initiative
interventions;
• Strengthen coordination and cooperation among
agencies and various stakeholders in the cities;
• Coordinate local departments in integrating climate
change issues into relevant plans.
Proposed activities
1 . Develop assessment tools :
- Database and maps
- Develop indicators to assess the impacts of climate change risk.
2 . Building tools for control :
- Improve system of legal documents, enhance the effectiveness of
mechanisms and policies for managing construction and urban
development under specific conditions of the region and the impact of
urban influence ;
3 . Develop tools to support implementation :
- Awareness raising, capacity and professional consulting for urban growth
management
- Develop regulations on management of urban development adapted to
climate change risks caused by natural disasters .
- Develop programs for urban development with urgent investment for areas
effected by climate change and sea level rise …
Response to CC is a critical issue in urban development
Overall and specific researches are needed, focal and prioritized
implementation should be applied in accordance with local and
national socioeconomic conditions.
It’s recommended to start with planning.
For the project implementation, Viet Nam needs to involve the local and
international community, scientists, and sponsors. In the short time, it is necessary
to:
1
Enhance the cooperation and coordination in
research implementation, assessment outcome
sharing among sectors and localities.
2
Form a library to store and share information on
status quo and solutions for CC adaption
3
Provide further funding for the development of
technical criteria, policies and mechanisms on
evaluation, monitoring and adjustment of CC
adaption solutions from time to time.
Development of risk resilient capability for cities is the essential task
WE LOOK FORWARD TO YOUR COOPERATION
Thank you!