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Download Climate Change and Wastewater: How Should the Water Boards Adapt? Sarah A. Deslauriers
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OCTOBER 24, 2013 – WATER QUALITY COORDINATING COMMITTEE sd0813bacwa.pptx/1 Climate Change and Wastewater: How Should the Water Boards Adapt? Sarah A. Deslauriers Lydia Holmes Program Manager Vice President California Wastewater Climate Change Group Carollo Engineers Wastewater treatment plants are typically at the low point in a watershed • Low elevations (and near the coast) • Receiving sd0813bacwa.pptx/2 – Residential, commercial and industrial wastewater – Stormwater either through infiltration and inflow or in a combined sewer • Discharging effluent to rivers, bays, ocean…often within the floodplain inland Challenges the wastewater community face due to climate change include… • Impact – Rising sea (high tide) levels sd0813bacwa.pptx/3 • Potentially leading to – Inundation of infrastructure and facilities – Brackish groundwater infiltration into collection systems – Effluent being pumped out of a bay or ocean discharge Challenges the wastewater community face due to climate change include… • Impact – Changes in extreme precipitation events (increase in peak wet weather events) sd0813bacwa.pptx/4 • Leading to – Increased flows – Increased loads (suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, etc) – Need for blending Extreme storm events can result in water inflow exceeding the current capacity of our wastewater infrastructure – total costs to restore and adapt U.S. wastewater systems to climate change range between $420-550 billion* *”Confronting Climate Change: An Early Analysis of Water and Wastewater Adaptation Costs” BUT permits are becoming very prescriptive, requiring… • Full secondary treatment for wet weather events • Low levels of biological oxygen demand and total suspended solids in discharged effluent • No bypasses sd0813bacwa.pptx/5 Wastewater treatment plants need creative permits and funding to adapt And normal operation will change with these changing conditions, requiring more… sd0813bacwa.pptx/6 • Pumping • Mixing • Advanced Treatment • Aeration As we know, water and energy are inextricably linked… sd0813bacwa.pptx/7 Energy production and generation require water Over 70% of electricity consumed in the south is for conveying water from the north – water conservation and reuse can reduce this Water/Wastewater pumping, treatment, and conveyance, and water end use consumes: • 19% CA electricity • 32% CA natural gas CA’s POTWs can also contribute toward most of the State’s major 2020 targets aimed at mitigating climate change… • Reducing carbon dioxide equivalent emissions to 1990 levels (AB 32) • Reducing the carbon intensity of transportation fuel used in the State by 10 percent (AB 32) • Providing 33 percent of the State’s energy needs from renewable sources (AB 32) sd0813bacwa.pptx/8 • Recycling 75 percent of the solid waste generated in the State (AB 32 and AB 341) • 20 percent per capita reduction in urban water demand (SB X7 7) POTWs can contribute toward meeting each of these statewide targets with… • “Wastewater to Energy” projects – Biogas to energy – Biogas to transportation fuel (biofuel) sd0813bacwa.pptx/9 • “GHG offset” projects land application of digestate/biosolids ↓ GHG reduction ↑ renewable energy production ↑ low carbon fuel ↓ GHG reduction – Store carbon – Increase soil’s carbon retention with digestate vs. synthetic fertilizer – Displace synthetic fertilizer – Replacing energy-intensive synthetic fertilizer Water Boards need to address barriers that POTWs face in adapting to/mitigating climate change, including… • Lack of financial incentives to restore and adapt infrastructure • Integrated watershed planning approach • Future wet weather management options – Low impact development / green infrastructure – Wetlands (natural treatment) sd0813bacwa.pptx/10 – Blending policies – set appropriate design storms • Point-of-use treatment for recycled water use • Coordination of multiple permitting agencies on projects with multiple benefits sd0813bacwa.pptx/11 Thank you! Questions? http://www.casaweb.org/