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Water Quality Research Journal of Canada In Press, Uncorrected Proof © IWA Publishing 2013 |
doi:10.2166/wqrjc.2013.104
Protecting our great lakes: assessing the effectiveness of
wastewater treatments for the removal of chemicals of emerging
concern
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Antonette Arvai, Gary Klecka, Saad Jasim, Henryk Melcer and Michael T. Laitta
Great Lakes Regional Office, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ontario, Canada E-mail:
[email protected]
The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, United States
Brown and Caldwell, Seattle, Washington, United States
US Section, International Joint Commission, Washington DC, United States
First received 14 January 2013; accepted in revised form 22 September 2013. Available online 7
November 2013
ABSTRACT
The Great Lakes and their connecting channels form the largest fresh surface water system on earth.
Over the past 10 years, focus on environmental monitoring has shifted to an array of recently
discovered compounds known as ‘chemicals of emerging concern’ (CEC). These chemicals are found
in products used daily in households, businesses, agriculture and industry, such as flame retardants,
pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides. Wastewater treatment plants are among the
important pathways by which CEC enter the Great Lakes, with concentrations highest in the vicinity of
wastewater discharges. Treated sewage is often discharged into the nearshore waters, which also
provide a source of drinking water to the public. In 2009–2011, the International Joint Commission
addressed the need to assess the effectiveness of existing wastewater treatment technologies in the
basin to remove CEC, as well as to gain insight on potential advanced technologies to improve their
removal. This assessment encompassed three major activities, development of an inventory of
municipal wastewater treatment plants that discharge in the basin; a survey of detailed operational
data for selected wastewater facilities; and a comprehensive literature review and analysis of the
effectiveness of various wastewater treatment technologies to remove chemicals of emerging
concern.
ISSN Print: 1201-3080
Published by IWA Publishing
Keywords: chemicals of emerging concern; Great Lakes; wastewater
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http://www.iwaponline.com/wqrjc/up/wqrjc2013104.htm
11/23/2013