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Transcript
Chapter 14: Renaissance & Reformation RENAISSANCE 1300s - 1500 “rebirth” Section 1: Renaissance in Italy Begins in Italy spreads north to Europe Why Italy? New interest in Rome and its “remainders” Cities survive the Middle Ages • North Florence, Milan, Venice, and Genoa (trade & manufacturing • Central Rome; South Naples cultural center Wealthy and Powerful merchant class • stress education and achievement • spend lots of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Florence • Center of Renaissance • Medici Family – richest merchant and banking family • gain full control government • patron – financial supporter of the arts What is the Renaissance? Plague ends want order look back to Greece and Rome HUMANISM – focus on worldly subjects not religious; focus on intellect and education; use ancient ideas in their world • Individualism; Talents; adventure; curiosity • Human experience in the here and now PETRARCH – early Humanist collects Greek and Roman manuscripts; write sonnets (love poems) about a woman Renaissance Characteristics • • • • • • Religious figures portrayed in Greek and Roman style Everyday individuals Columns, arches, domes Shading and shadows Live models – more accurate human portrayal Perspective – distant objects are smaller to make a 3-D, realistic painting Perspective Vanishing point The Totally Masterful New Talents TMNT Leonardo Raphael Michelangelo Donatello Donatello • very Early Renaissance •Life - size DAVID • Realistic Leonardo DaVinci • Born in 1452 • “Renaissance Man” • Painting; Art; Anatomy; Botany; Optics; Architecture; Music; Engineering The Last Supper The Annunciation Mona Lisa Scientific and Anatomical Study INVENTOR: Machine gun Armored tank Cluster bombs Submarine Calculator Car Use of solarpower Michelangelo • • • Born in 1475 Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect and poet Fresco – applying paint to fresh plaster usually on a wall David Pieta Garden of Eden The Creation The Sistine Chapel Sistine Chapel: The Last Judgement Raphael • • Studied the works of Michelangelo and Raphael Portrays tender Jesus and Madonna School of Athens Italian Writers Catiglione – The Book of the Courtier - describes how to act as a member of the royal court; describes ideal man and woman Machiavelli – The Prince - guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power - looks at real rulers - the ends justifies the means; do not have to keep promises Section 2: The Renaissance Moves North • Begins in Flanders (near North France) • Spain, France, Germany, and England begin Renaissance in 1500s Albrecht Durer • “German Leonardo” • Traveled to Italy to learn about art and techniques(1494) Engravings – etch design into metal plate with acid and makes prints. Portrays religious upheaval. • • Flemish Painters Jan & Hubert van Eyck - portray townspeople and realistic images - Develop oil paint Pietr Bruegel - Bright colors in portrayal of peasant life Peter Paul Rubens - Blends ideas of Bruegel and Italian Renaissance Northern Humanists • ERASMUS (Dutch) - produces New Testament in Greek - wants translation of Bible into vernacular – everyday language of ordinary people - chief duty =be open minded and of good will toward others - The Praise of Folly – uses humor to show the ignorant and immoral behavior of his day Thomas More - - Wants social reform Utopia – describes ideal society where men and women live in peace and harmony; everyone is educated; Utopian – describes an ideal society WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE - - 1590-1613 37 plays Comedies (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) History (Richard III) Tragedies (Romeo and Juliet; Othello; Macbeth) 1,700 new words: bedroom, lonely, generous, gloomy, heartsick CERVANTES • • Spain – early 1600s Don Quixote – mocks chivalry • Knight who pretends to be on an adventure – Fights a windmill Printing revolution • • • • Chinese make books first By 1300 – papermaking in Europe By 1400s – Germans invent movable type 1456 – Johann Gutenberg prints first Bible using movable type Literacy Revolution • • More books = cheaper books = more people read and write!!!!! Ideas spread! (ppl. are exposed to new things for the first time) Protestant Reformation