Download Chapter 14: Renaissance & Reformation

Chapter 14:
Renaissance
&
Reformation
RENAISSANCE
1300s - 1500
“rebirth”
Section 1: Renaissance in
Italy
Begins in Italy  spreads north to Europe
Why Italy?
 New interest in Rome and its “remainders”
 Cities survive the Middle Ages
• North  Florence, Milan, Venice, and Genoa (trade &
manufacturing
• Central  Rome; South  Naples   cultural center
 Wealthy and Powerful merchant class
• stress education and achievement
• spend lots of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Florence
•
Center of Renaissance
• Medici Family – richest merchant and banking
family
• gain full control government
• patron – financial supporter of the arts
What is the Renaissance?

Plague ends  want order  look back to
Greece and Rome
HUMANISM – focus on worldly subjects not
religious; focus on intellect and education; use
ancient ideas in their world
• Individualism; Talents; adventure; curiosity
• Human experience in the here and now
PETRARCH – early Humanist  collects Greek and Roman
manuscripts; write sonnets (love poems) about a woman
Renaissance Characteristics
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Religious figures portrayed in Greek and
Roman style
Everyday individuals
Columns, arches, domes
Shading and shadows
Live models – more accurate human portrayal
Perspective – distant objects are smaller to
make a 3-D, realistic painting
Perspective
Vanishing
point
The Totally Masterful New Talents
TMNT
Leonardo
Raphael
Michelangelo
Donatello
Donatello
• very Early
Renaissance
•Life - size
DAVID
• Realistic
Leonardo DaVinci
•
Born in 1452
•
“Renaissance Man”
•
Painting; Art; Anatomy; Botany;
Optics; Architecture; Music;
Engineering
The Last Supper
The Annunciation
Mona Lisa
Scientific and
Anatomical Study
INVENTOR:
Machine gun
Armored tank
Cluster bombs
Submarine
Calculator
Car
Use of solarpower
Michelangelo
•
•
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Born in 1475
Sculptor, engineer,
painter, architect and poet
Fresco – applying paint to
fresh plaster usually on a
wall
David
Pieta
Garden of Eden
The Creation
The Sistine Chapel
Sistine Chapel: The Last
Judgement
Raphael
•
•
Studied the works of Michelangelo and
Raphael
Portrays tender Jesus and Madonna
School of Athens
Italian Writers
Catiglione – The Book
of the Courtier
- describes how to
act as a member
of the royal court;
describes ideal
man and woman
Machiavelli – The Prince
- guide for rulers on
how to gain and
maintain power
- looks at real rulers
- the ends justifies the
means; do not have to
keep promises
Section 2: The Renaissance
Moves North
•
Begins in Flanders (near North
France)
•
Spain, France, Germany, and England
begin Renaissance in 1500s
Albrecht Durer
•
“German Leonardo”
•
Traveled to Italy to
learn about art and
techniques(1494)
Engravings – etch
design into metal plate
with acid and makes
prints.
Portrays religious
upheaval.
•
•
Flemish Painters
Jan & Hubert van Eyck
- portray townspeople
and realistic images
- Develop oil paint
Pietr Bruegel
- Bright colors in portrayal
of peasant life
Peter Paul Rubens
- Blends ideas of Bruegel and
Italian Renaissance
Northern Humanists
•
ERASMUS (Dutch)
- produces New Testament in Greek
- wants translation of Bible into
vernacular – everyday language of
ordinary people
- chief duty =be open minded and of good
will toward others
- The Praise of Folly – uses humor to show
the ignorant and immoral behavior of his
day
Thomas More
-
-
Wants social reform
Utopia – describes ideal society where
men and women live in peace and
harmony; everyone is educated;
Utopian – describes an ideal society
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
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-
1590-1613
37 plays
Comedies (A Midsummer
Night’s Dream)
History (Richard III)
Tragedies (Romeo and
Juliet; Othello; Macbeth)
1,700 new words: bedroom,
lonely, generous, gloomy,
heartsick
CERVANTES
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Spain – early 1600s
Don Quixote – mocks chivalry
•
Knight who pretends to be on an adventure
– Fights a windmill
Printing revolution
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Chinese make
books first
By 1300 –
papermaking in
Europe
By 1400s –
Germans invent
movable type
1456 – Johann
Gutenberg prints
first Bible using
movable type
Literacy Revolution
•
•
More books = cheaper books = more
people read and write!!!!!
Ideas spread! (ppl. are exposed to
new things for the first time)
Protestant Reformation