Download Check your answers c 5 the answers are at the bottom of the page

Check your answers c 5 the answers are at the bottom of the page
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
sentence or statement true.
____
1. The gradual change in a species over time is called adaptation. ________________________
____
2. Through natural selection, harmful variations gradually accumulate in a species.
_________________________
____
3. When some members of a species become geographically isolated, they are less likely to form a new
species. _________________________
____
4. An empty space called a cast is formed when an organism buried in sediments dissolves.
_________________________
____
5. In sedimentary rock, the youngest fossils are usually found in the deepest layers.
_________________________
____
6. The largest span of time in the Geologic Time Scale is Precambrian Time. _________________________
____
7. Darwin thought that species evolved rapidly. _________________________
____
8. The theory of punctuated equilibria proposes that species evolve through small changes over a long time.
_________________________
____
9. The more similar the DNA sequences of two species are, the more closely related the species are.
_________________________
____ 10. On a branching tree, a species is more closely related to a species on the same branch than to one on a
separate branch. _________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 11. A species is a group of similar organisms that
a. can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring.
b. can live together on an island.
c. can migrate to an island from the mainland.
d. all have exactly the same traits.
____ 12. What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galapagos Islands?
a. Their feathers were adapted to match their environment.
b. Their beaks were adapted to match the foods they ate.
c. They had identical phenotypes in all locations.
d. They had identical genotypes in all locations.
____ 13. The gradual change in a species over time is called
a. mutation.
b. evolution.
c. migration.
d. variation.
____ 14. A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(n)
a. mutation.
____ 15.
____ 16.
____ 17.
____ 18.
____ 19.
____ 20.
____ 21.
____ 22.
____ 23.
b. selection.
c. adaptation.
d. variation.
What did Darwin infer from his observations of organisms in South America and the Galapagos Islands?
a. The organisms on the Galapagos Islands were virtually identical to mainland organisms.
b. A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the mainland from the
Galapagos Islands.
c. The organisms on the Galapagos Islands were completely unrelated to mainland
organisms.
d. A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the Galapagos Islands
from the mainland.
Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are
more likely to survive and reproduce?
a. natural selection
b. overproduction
c. competition
d. variation
Which term refers to a species creating more offspring than can possibly survive?
a. natural selection
b. overproduction
c. evolution
d. variation
Differences between members of the same species are called
a. predators.
b. selections.
c. traits.
d. variations.
How does natural selection lead to evolution?
a. Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species.
b. Helpful traits accumulate among surviving members of the species.
c. Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species.
d. Environmental changes kill weaker members of the species.
What is the role of genes in evolution?
a. Only genes can be acted on by natural selection.
b. Parents with recessive genes die from overproduction.
c. The genes of most surviving parents have only dominant alleles.
d. Only traits that are controlled by genes can be acted on by natural selection.
Which of these is one of the main ways that a new species forms?
a. Cross-breeding occurs within the species.
b. A group is separated from the rest of the species.
c. Competition occurs between members of the species.
d. Mutations occur in the alleles of members of the species.
Which of these illustrates the impact of continental drift on the formation of new species?
a. Marsupial mammals adapt better in North America than in Australia.
b. Most mammals in Australia are marsupials, but few marsupials exist on other continents.
c. Australia has fewer marsupials than South America.
d. Placental mammals live mainly in Australia.
What are fossils?
a. molds and casts of organisms that live today
____ 24.
____ 25.
____ 26.
____ 27.
____ 28.
____ 29.
____ 30.
____ 31.
____ 32.
____ 33.
b. drawings of ancient animals and other organisms
c. footprints or burrows of small animals that live today
d. the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past
How do most fossils form?
a. An insect becomes trapped in amber.
b. An entire organism becomes frozen in ice.
c. A dead organism becomes buried in sediment.
d. A dead organism becomes buried in tar.
Entire insects have been perfectly preserved in
a. tar pits that were once covered with water.
b. sedimentary rock after the insects were frozen.
c. casts formed when molds filled with hardened minerals.
d. amber formed from the hardened sap of evergreen trees.
How do scientists determine the actual age of fossils?
a. relative dating
b. absolute dating
c. sedimentary dating
d. mold and cast dating
What evidence is most important when using relative dating?
a. the half-life of a radioactive element
b. the position of sediment in petrified rock
c. the types of minerals in a petrified fossil
d. the position of fossils in sedimentary rock layers
Most of what scientists know about extinct species is based on
a. sedimentary rock.
b. natural selection.
c. the fossil record.
d. variations.
Which term refers to a species that no longer has any living members?
a. molded
b. fossilized
c. extinct
d. petrified
How long is Precambrian Time in the Geologic Time Scale?
a. 4 million years
b. 4.6 million years
c. 4 billion years
d. 4.6 billion years
What theory proposes that evolution occurs steadily in tiny changes over long periods of time?
a. gradualism
b. relative dating
c. natural selection
d. punctuated equilibria
What theory proposes that species evolve during short periods of rapid change?
a. gradualism
b. evolution
c. absolute dating
d. punctuated equilibria
What theory agrees with fossil records that show no intermediate forms for long periods of time?
____ 34.
____ 35.
____ 36.
____ 37.
____ 38.
____ 39.
a. gradualism
b. natural selection
c. evolution
d. punctuated equilibria
What evidence suggests that the ancestors of whales once walked on land?
a. Scientists have found fossils of whale-like creatures that walked on land.
b. Whales perform walking motions as they swim.
c. Whales have similar DNA to elephants.
d. Whales breathe through lungs.
Which term refers to similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor?
a. DNA sequences
b. developmental organisms
c. homologous structures
d. punctuated equilibria
If two organisms look very similar during their early stages, this is evidence that the organisms
a. are not related.
b. evolved from different ancestors.
c. have exactly the same DNA.
d. evolved from a common ancestor.
Why do scientists think related species have similar body structures and development patterns?
a. The species inherited many of the same genes from one another.
b. The species inherited many of the same proteins from a common ancestor.
c. The species inherited all of the same genes from a common ancestor.
d. The species inherited many of the same genes from a common ancestor.
A branching tree is
a. a diagram showing how scientists think different groups of organisms are related.
b. a species of tree that is not closely related to other tree species.
c. a drawing that shows where different animals live in a tree.
d. a homologous structure that many plants have.
Scientists combine evidence from fossils, body structures, early development, and DNA and protein
structures to
a. determine what bones an animal has in its forelimbs.
b. determine the evolutionary relationships among species.
c. decide which fossils are older than others.
d. determine whether an organism will have gills during its early development.
Essay
40. A horse and a donkey can mate with each other. Their offspring, called a mule, is not fertile. Do horses
and donkeys belong to the same species? Explain your answer.
41. Explain how a group of organisms that is separated from the rest of its species can evolve different traits.
42. Explain why fossils of some organisms, such as insects, might be perfectly preserved in amber but not in
sedimentary rocks.
43. Suppose a species lived in an environment that changed very little over millions of years. Which theory
about how fast evolution occurs would most likely explain the evolution of that species? Explain your
answer.
44. Explain how continental drift contributed to the evolution of new species.
Check your answers c 5 the answers are at the bottom of the page
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
F, evolution
F, helpful
F, more
F, mold
F, oldest
T
F, slowly
F, gradualism
T
T
MULTIPLE CHOICE
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
A
B
B
C
D
A
B
D
B
D
B
B
D
C
D
B
D
C
C
C
A
D
D
A
C
D
D
A
39. B
ESSAY
40. No, horses and donkeys do not belong to the same species. Two organisms belong to the same species
only if they can mate and produce fertile offspring.
41. The organisms are not able to mate with members of the rest of the species. The longer they remain
isolated, the more likely they are to evolve different traits.
42. Amber is formed from tree sap that hardens over time. Sedimentary rock is formed from layers of
sediments that have built up over millions of years. The rock would probably crush delicate organisms,
such as insects. The amber would have preserved the insects.
43. Gradualism would most likely explain the evolution of that species. If the environment changed very
little, a species that was already adapted to the environment would not feel much pressure from natural
selection to evolve. Therefore, its evolution would be slow and gradual.
44. When the continents were one big continent, organisms could migrate from one part to another. When the
continents separated, species became isolated from one another and began to evolve independently.