Download The Renaissance 1

The
Renaissance
1
What is the Renaissance?
The Renaissance
was a time of
renewed interest in
learning and culture.
It was a “rebirth”
of ideals of the
Roman and Greek
cultures.
The influence of the Greeks can be
seen in this Renaissance painting,
School Of Athens, by Raphael. It
shows famous Renaissance men such
as Leonardo da Vinci with famous
Greek scholars such as Aristotle and
Plato.
The Renaissance
took place in
Europe between
1350 and 1550.
Renaissance Defined
The Renaissance
began when
merchants in Italy
became wealthy from
international trade.
They financed the
arts, literature,
architecture, and
culture.
The Milan Cathedral
City-states began
competing to make
each of their cities
the most famous.
The Renaissance brought many changes to Europe:
People moved from the countryside to towns.
The Middle Ages was dominated by religious beliefs and fears
of eternal punishment.
Renaissance was a more worldly age
Middle Ages – church dominated art
Renaissance – art focused on nature and humans
Middle Ages – learning focused on religion & the relationship
between man and God
Renaissance – Greek and Roman classics
How did trade expand?
The Silk Road reopened in the 1200s when the Mongols
took control of China. Kublai Khan reopened the Silk
Road and made it safe for travel and trade.
Expansion of Trade
The Silk Road
By the 1300s, the Italian city-states had
become major trading centers.
Renaissance
Humanism
Petrarch
Dante
Alighieri
Recovered
classical texts,
translated them
into Italian
The
Divine
Comedy
Literature
Shakespeare
Romeo
and
Juliet
Painting
Architecture
Cervantes
Return to elements of
Greek and Roman
architecture
Don
Quixote
Columns, pillars,
arches, domes, niches
Michelangelo
Leonardo
da Vinci
Sistine
Chapel
Mona
Lisa,
Last
Supper
Raphael
Linear
perspective
Mona Lisa,
by Leonardo da Vinci
Dante and The Divine
Comedy, by Michelangelo
The Last
Judgment, by
Michelangelo
The Last Supper,
by Leonardo da Vinci
The Duomo
designed by
Brunelleschi
Expansion of Trade
Marco Polo returned home to Venice in 1295. He
wrote a book that inspired many traders to travel to
Asia.
Marco Polo
 Marco Polo spent
almost 20 years
traveling in Asia
with his family.
 He worked for
Kublai Khan
for 17 years as a
minor government
official in China.
 In 1295 the Polo
family returned
home from China
and settled in
Venice.
Top: portrait of Marco Polo
Left: Kublai Khan
Statue of Marco Polo
in Hangzchou, China
Marco Polo
 Later Marco Polo was taken prisoner in a minor naval
battle between Venice and Genoa.
 He spent several months in prison in 1298 dictating a
book of his travels to a fellow prisoner.
Marco Polo
 The book was titled ll Milione,
The Million.
 It told of the wealth and riches Polo
had seen in China.
 ll Milione was instantly successful,
in a time before the invention of the
printing press.
Travels of Marco Polo:
Left: The Polo family leaving Constantinople in 1259
for China.
Middle: A Polo family meeting with Kublai Khan.
Right: Marco’s father and uncle take a letter to the
Pope at Kublai Khan’s request.
A page from
Il Milione.
What did Renaissance emphasis?


importance of the individual
individual wealth and power demonstrated
by Machiavelli’s The Prince which
encourages rulers to use any means to
protect their power
What is Humanism?
Famous
humanists
One of the most significant ideas of the
the Renaissance was humanism.
Humanism was an intellectual movement
that started in Florence.
Petrarch
Humanism taught that man was the center
of the universe and that he had dignity and
value.
Erasmus
Humanism focused on individual worth.
worth
It changed European people’s view
of the world.
Dante
Alighieri
Humanism
Famous
humanists
Religion and the afterlife were still
important, but the humanists felt that life on
earth was also important.
The humanists felt that man had dignity
and worth and could achieve anything.
anything
Petrarch
The humanists stressed that life on earth
was meaningful and important.
Humanism was based on the teachings of
the Greek philosopher Plato and the Roman
statesman Cicero.
Cicero
Erasmus
Dante
Alighieri
Humanism
Masaccio's paintings are considered to be the earliest
expressions of humanism in the arts.
Below: Masaccio’s The Tribute Money
Humanism
Petrarch:
“Father of Humanism”
Petrarch was a scholar and
and poet who was responsible
for the recovery of manuscripts
and works of Greek and Roman
writers.
He traveled throughout Europe
recovering manuscripts of
Cicero and other Roman authors
that had been lost in monastery
libraries.
Petrarch, like other writers of
the time, wrote in Latin.
Francesco Petrarch
Humanism
•3 main Greek & Roman ideas :
•Improvement through study and
reflection
•Commitment to public service
•Life long learning (Well - Rounded)
education



Italy- mid 1300s, humanist teachers replace clergy
source of education.
people began to write in their own languages,
literary works became available to the masses
people wanted to be a “Renaissance man”,
completely skilled in all areas


know Greek and Latin writings
be physically fit



horseback and with a sword (especially men);
be able to dance, play an instrument or sing,
and write poetry.
limited, as were most benefits of the Renaissance, to
the upper class
printing press




vehicle of the Renaissance
movable type introduced, along with
paper, from China via Moorish Spain
Bible first book published in Europe by
Johann Gutenberg
Italian books published and sent to
northern Europe which spread
Renaissance out of Italy