Download Lesson 1: Early Civilizations of the Aegean Sea

Chapter 6 Ancient Greece
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Lesson 1: Early Civilizations of the Aegean Sea
1. Greece is a peninsula
2. A peninsula is a body of land surrounded by water.
3. The Minoan civilization was the first people to develop this
area on the island of Crete.
4. The Greek civilization came after the Minoans.
5. A famous Greek was the Trojan War.
6. According to legend the Trojan War was fought over a
beautiful woman named Helen.
7. She was the wife of the Greek Archaen King.
8. Paris, a son of the King of Troy, took Helan back to Troy
9. The Archaens also known as the Myceneans fought the
Trojan war to win Helen back.
10.
The war lasted 10 years. The Myceneans defeated Troy
by tricking them. They pretended to sail away leaving behind
a wooden horse that Troy thought was a victory gift.
However, the wooden horse had soldiers hidden inside and
when the wooden horse was brought back to Troy the
soldiers left the horse at night to open the gates of Troy
allowing the Mycenean army in to destroy the city.
Lesson 2: The Greek City-States
11.
Greece has mountains that kept people separated. Each
settlement was called a “polis”, or city-state.
12.
The polis was built around a hill called an “acropolis”
where their main temple was built.
13.
The Greeks tried several different forms of government.
One form was by having a King pass down the power to their
sons. They were called aristocrats. Then Tyrants took the
power from the Aristocrats. A Tyrant is a person that rules by
force and not by law.
14.
The Greek people became fed up with these forms of
government. A leader named Solon helped create democracy,
or rule by the people. Democracy has become the most
important contribution the Ancient Greeks made to
civilization.
Lesson 3: Athens
15.
Only 40,000 of the 300,000 Athenians had the right to
vote.
16.
Only citizens had the right to vote, and only men could
be citizens.
17.
Women and slaves could not be citizens.
18.
Athenian leaders expected 3 things from citizens.
o He had to be loyal
o He had to take part in government
o He had to defend the city when necessary.
19.
At first Athenians had a direct democracy where each
citizen voted on every law.
20.
Remember only men could be citizens so only men
could vote which isn’t fair in the way we view things today.
21.
Soon the number of citizens became too large at the
assembly, which is basically a meeting, so the government
created a council of 500 citizens that were chosen by lottery.
22.
The lottery gave each citizen an equal chance of being
chosen.
23.
This is different from how we select our government
officials because we elect our officials by voting.
24.
Athenian courts did not use judges, they used large
juries, or a group who listens to a case in court and decides
the outcome.
25.
Between 201-501 people made up an Athenian jury
26.
They believed that no one could bribe a large jury to
make a specific decision.
27.
We have juries of 12 people in our society to put it into
perspective.
Lesson 4: Sparta
28.
Another city-state in Greece was Sparta.
29.
The area was settled in 1100 B.C. and the people
became known as Spartans.
30.
B.C. stand for the time Before Christ.
31.
The farmers that lived in that area were enslaved and
became known as Helots.
32.
Every Spartan received 7 Helots, or slaves.
33.
The slaves rebelled in 600 B.C. but were defeated by
the Spartans, and slave caught making trouble was killed.
34.
Newborn babies were examined and sick children were
left to die.
35.
At age 7 the government took boys from their families
to become soldiers.
36.
At age 20 the boys became citizens.
37.
At age 30 they married, and lived in a military camp
until age 60 with all the other soldiers.
38.
Spartan women were patriotic and loyal.
39.
A wife told her husband 2 things when he went off to
war. He was to come home victorious carrying his shield, or
he was to return dead being carried on his shield.
Lesson 5: War tests the Greeks
40.
Between 500 and 400 B.C. the Greeks fought several
wars.
41.
The first war was against the Persian Empire.
42.
Persia was to the East of Greece.
43.
Persians conquered he Ionian Greeks in a portion of
Greece known as Asian Minor for 46 years.
44.
The Ionian Greeks asked the mainland Greeks for help
to remove the Persians.
45.
Athens Greece sent warships, but the Ionians couldn’t
win their freedom.
46.
The Persian King, King Darius, wanted to punish
Athens for sending warships so he sent 600 ships and
thousands of soldiers to invade Greece.
47.
The Persian Fleet, or group of ships, landed at the bay
of Marathon about 25 miles northeast of Athens.
48.
The Persians attacked by sea, but were defeated by the
Athenians as they loaded their ships.
49.
According to legend, Pheidippides ran 25 miles from
Marathon to Athens and pronounced, “Nike”.
50.
Nike is the Greek word for Victory.
51.
As soon as he yelled Nike, or victory, he fell dead.
52.
Today we remember what he did in the modern 26.2
mile marathon run.
53.
The battle of Marathon may be the most important
battle in Greek history.
54.
Ten years later in 480 B.C., Xerxes, son of Darius, sent
150,000 soldiers and nearly 600 ships against the Greeks
55.
When the Persians arrived at Thermopylae, a narrow
mountain passage, the Greeks stopped them until the Greeks
were betrayed from one of their own.
56.
The Persian marched almost 100 miles south and
destroyed Athens.
57.
The Athenians moved to Salamis were they eventually
defeated the Persians.
58.
They defeated the Persians by using small ships to poke
holes into the large Persian ships
59.
Xerxes was defeated and returned to Persia.
60.
The Greeks had to rebuild Greece.
61.
In 431 B.C. was broke out between Athens and Sparta.
62.
The war lasted 27 years with Sparta destroying Athens.
63.
This war became known as the Pelopennisian War.
64.
This war used a lot of the Greek city- states money and
resources, and weakened them.
65.
In 338 B. C. King Phillip of Macedon, a small kingdom
north of Greece, conquered the weakened Greece and took
their independence, or freedom.
Lesson 6: Greek Cultural Contributions
66.
On the Athenian acropolis stand the ruins of a temple to
Athena, a female God, or Goddess.
67.
This temple is known as the Parthenon.
68.
The Parthenon was built after the Persian wars, during a
period of time known as the Golden age of Athens.
69.
Did you know there’s a restaurant in Chicago named
the Parthenon.
70.
The Greeks created beautiful works of art.
71.
Their art and search for truth are 2 of the greatest Greek
contributions.
72.
The Greeks were the first people to perform plays in
outdoor theatres.
73.
Only men could act in a play.
74.
That means the men had to play the parts of the women.
75.
In think it woud be funny to see a man dressed as a
woman.
76.
Greeks wrote 2 types of plays known as comedies or
tragedies.
77.
In a tragedy, the Gods defeat the hero.
78.
Greek comedies made fun of important people or ideas.
79.