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APPENDICULAR SKELETON Lower Limbs • Pelvic Girdle • The pelvic girdle, sacrum and coccyx bones form the pelvis. • The pelvis provides support for the trunk of the body and provides attachments for the lower limbs. • • Coxae (2) Hip bones • articulate with each other anteriorly and with the sacrum posteriorly • fusion of 3 separate bones: ilium (broad flaring upper portion), ischium (lower posterior portion) and pubis (most anterior and forms half of the pubic arch) • also observe the iliac crest (where you rest your hands when you place them on your hips) and the ischial tuberosity (absorbs the body weight when you sit • Lower Limbs • Form the framework of the thigh, leg and foot functioning as levers. Lower Limbs • Femur (2) -thigh bone • longest, strongest bone of the body • Patella (2) -Knee cap, the word patella means dish referring to its shape • -Because it is formed within a tendon it is called a sesmoid bone • Tibia (2) commonly called the shin bone, thicker bone of the foreleg. • note the tibial tuberosity (the attachment point for the quadriceps tendon) and the medial malleolus (the ridge you feel at the inner aspect of the ankle. • Fibula (2) -the thin spiral bone of the foreleg • note the lateral malleolus (which forms the prominence at the outer aspect of the ankle) • Tarsals (14) -ankle bones • -note the talus which can move freely where it attaches to the tibia and fibula, and the calcaneus which forms the heel • Metatarsals (10) -the instep, the arch provides a stable, springy support for the body • Phalanx (28) -numbers and arrangement are like the phalanges of the hand