Download 11-7 Adolescent Psychosocial Development

Adolescent
Relationships
July 26, 2011
Review
• Emergence of sexuality: childhood,
adolescence?
• Sexual scripts?
• Sexual orientation
• Invisible norm
• Conclusions about development of samesex sexual attraction?
Teens’ Sexual Behavior
• From where do teens learn about sex?
• Peers: “Don’t trust adults. I mean, they don’t know
what we’re going through. Just want to scare you
from having sex, like you’ll die if you do. Gotta ask
your friends for advice on how to do it,” (Archibald,
Jacoby, Davies, 2010)
• Parents: often misperception between teens and
parents
• Schools: sex education ranges from abstinenceonly to harm reduction
Adolescent-Adult R’ships
•
Positive relationships with adults
highly correlated with positive youth
outcomes
•
Conflictual familial r’ships
•
•
Push-pull of gaining/giving
independence
•
Influenced by cultural norms
Close familial r’ships
•
Communication, support,
connectedness, control
Peer Relationships
• Brain maturation, cognitive development,
and psychosocial advances allow teens to
develop close and important friendships
• Symbols of friendships and group identity
tantamount in teens’ lives
• Peer pressure: encouragement to
conform with peer group in behavior,
dress, attitude
Adolescent
Psychosocial
Development
Identity
• Identity vs. Diffusion (Erikson)
• Answer “Who am I?”
• Identity achievement: adopt some roles,
reject others as set forth by culture
Not Yet Achieved
•
•
Identity diffusion
•
Lack of commitment to any
goals
•
Motto is “whatever”
Identity foreclosure
•
•
Limit role exploration
Identity moratorium
•
Postponement, “time out”
Minority Ethnic Identity Development
Stage
Attitude Toward Self
Attitude Toward InGroup
Attitude Toward
Dominant Group
Conformity
Low race salience
Self-depreciating
Low race salience
Group depreciating
Group-appreciating
Dissonance &
Appreciating
Conflict b/t selfdepreciating & Group
appreciating
Conflictual
Conflictual
Resistance &
Immersion
Self-appreciating
Group-appreciating &
culturocentrism
Group-depreciating
Introspection
Concern with basis of selfappreciation
Integrative
Awareness
Self-appreciating
Concern with nature of
Concern with basis of
unequivocal
group-depreciation
appreciation
Group-appreciating
Selective appreciation
Emotional Changes in
Adolescence
• Drop in self-esteem among girls and boys
• Girls’ athletic involvement buffers SE
drop
• Increased moodiness, angriness
• Minority of teens experience clinical
depression
Suicidal Ideation & Behavior
•
•
Thinking about suicide
•
Continuum ranging from thoughts of
own death to serious, planful
contemplation of taking own life
•
Most people fall somewhere on the
continuum at sometime
Nonfatal suicidal behavior
•
Self-injurious behavior that does not
result in death
Adolescent Fatal Suicidal Behavior
• Rates increasing since 1960 due to
• Availability of guns
• Parental supervision
• Drug/alcohol availability
• Culture
Ethnic & Gender Differences in
Fatal Suicidal Behavior
• American Indian & Alaska Native have
highest rates of fatal suicidal behavior
• Boys of all ethnicities have higher rates of
fatal suicide than girls
Risk Factors for Suicide
• #1 risk factor: relationship to someone
who has died of suicide
• Accessibility to means
• Previous suicidal behavior
• Drug/alcohol use
• Social isolation