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1 U.S. History Ch. 3 The Age of Exploration Explorers Reach The Americas Norsemen (or ______________________) are northern Europeans from present day Sweden, Norway, & Denmark. Great ___________________ Settled both ___________________ and Greenland by 985. Leif __________________explored northeastern North America in 1001. Founded the _____________________ (land of wine) colony in 1009 _____________________ended five years later after conflicts with the Native Americans got too bad. Europe (Middle Ages) The Feudal System was in use during the ________________ Ages for over 500 years. This was the time of castles, manors, lords, and _________________. __________________ began being a larger part of common life. Cities had more ______________, but also had problems such as disease and overcrowding. Between 1347 & 1352 the ________________ Death (a plague) spread throughout Europe killed over ______ of the population. Helped kill the Feudal System Growth of the Middle Class Cities & Towns grew when the ____________________ system fell. New social class formed, the _________________ class. It was made up mostly of merchants who bought and sold goods for a living. Also included lawyers, doctors, and government officials. They focused on business & _______________ rather than farming. Crusades ____________________ was a central part of European life. ___________________were a series of religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims over the holy land of Palestine (contains ____________________) which they both claimed. Wars were fought between 1096 & 1270. European soldiers returned from the Crusades with riches from the east such as knowledge, spices, silk, porcelain, etc. This opened the door for ____________________________ trade with the East. 2 Trade with the East The ___________________________ Class led the way in trade with the Far East. In Italy, the Italian merchants gained a ___________________________ of trade with the Eastern markets. In 1271 Marco Polo traveled to Cathay (____________________) with his uncle and father & spent 17 years there In 1295 Polo returned to Italy and wrote a called ______________________ of the World. He told of over 7,000 islands in the __________ of China called the Indies. The Renaissance and the Reformation Two events that greatly inspired a growth in knowledge and hunger for exploration were The _____________________ and the ___________________________. The Renaissance was a revival of interest in the arts, literature and learning. _________________________, Leonardo Da Vinci The Reformation was a political and religious split in Europe that led to the Protestant church. _________________________________, John Calvin. _______________________ (for the advancement of faith) became an endeavor for all. Age of Exploration 1400’s & 1500’s Europeans ________________ the oceans and explored new lands. World was mapped more___________________ than ever before. Prince Henry of _______________________ led the way in early sea exploration. He wanted to find a sea _______________ around Africa to Asia He studied ____________________, which is the science of piloting ships and helped to design newer and faster ships (______________________) He became known as “Prince Henry the ________________________”. Mapmakers, astronomers, & ____________________________ from all over the Mediterranean began to come to Portugal. African Empires Explorations down the coast of ____________________ taught Europeans that Africa had many cultures & empires. These empires controlled ______________ between Muslims of North Africa and the African West Coast. Traded things like gold, ________, ivory, leather, iron, etc. Along ____________coast Portuguese traded for__________________ beings and returned them to Portugal. Reaching India 3 In 1488, Portuguese explorer Batholomeu _____________ was near S. Africa and rounded the tip when a two week storm pushed him around it. The King named the tip of Africa the “Cape of Good ________________” In 1497, Vasco _______ ______________ rounded the tip of Africa and sailed to India by 1498. Christopher Columbus Became interested in the island of ________________ (present day Japan) from Marco Polo’s book ______________________, realizing that the world was round, believed he could sail west and reach Asia. However, his maps were __________________ due to the fact that they were based on Polo’s book. Portugal says “NO” - Spain says “YES” Columbus asked _____________________ to sponsor a trip to Asia by sailing west. King John and the Portuguese thought ____________________’ maps were inaccurate and said no. He then went to ______________ & tried to convince the Spanish rulers Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand to ____________________ his trip but they also refused for the same reasons. ______ years later Queen ___________________ agreed to finance his plan. Columbus was to find a route to the Indies and spread _____________________ to the native there. Voyage Across the Atlantic Aug. 3, _________, Columbus left Spain with three small ships. (__________, Pinta, and Santa Maria) Largest was the flagship named the Santa ______________ He had a crew of ________ men and boys. The first two months were ________________ weather. The crew got ____________________and demanded that they turn around, or they would mutiny. Columbus promised to return home if land was not spotted within ______ days. October 12, 1492, after ________ days and 2,400 miles of sailing, Columbus found land. Columbus landed on a sand beach and named it “_________ _________________” which meant “Holy Savior”. This island today is a part of the __________________ and located about 50 miles from Florida. He was sure that he was in the East Indies & called the local peoples (who were the ____________) Indians. 4 Exploring the Caribbean Columbus searched for Cipango, but found present day _____________. Looking for mainland __________, Columbus discovered another island that he named _______________________ (Haiti and Dominican ___________ today) Here he lost the Santa ______________ when she ran aground Columbus Returns March 4, 1493, Columbus returned home to _______________. Returned with ___________, spices, and other goods, and was still convinced that he had landed in the Indies. Spanish rulers were most interested in the _______________. First Colony Columbus returned ___ more times between 1493 & 1502 Established a colony in 1496 on the island of ____________________________. Colony was named Santo ____________________. (first European colony in the Western Hemisphere.) Meaning of Columbus’ Voyage He died never knowing he had found ___ new continents. Started a European craze to explore & ___________________ new lands. America received its name from an Italian explorer named _________________ Vespucci. Why not Columbus? Vespucci explored and ________________ the area, but realized that it was a new land and wrote about it. A German mapmaker read his work in 1507. The mapmaker drew a map of the two continents, and labeled them “____________________” b/c of Vespucci’s name Spain conquers the Caribbean After Columbus’ voyage, Spain conquered Hispaniola, Cuba, Puerto Rico, & __________________. Thousands of Native Americans were _______________ or ________________ the rest. Established plantations that _______________ sugarcane and cotton. People and goods were shipped from the Caribbean to Europe. This became known as the _____________________________ _________________________. Priests who created missions for the Indians were appalled at the treatment of the Natives and appealed to the ____________ for help. Balboa & the Pacific Europeans were still looking for a water route to Asia Francisco Nunez de _____________________ sailed for Spain 5 He discovered a route across the Americas, but it was a land route. In 1513 he traveled 45 miles across the Isthmus of Panama on foot. Reached a huge expanse of water. _________________ claimed the water for Spain. He had discovered the ____________________Ocean. Magellan Sailed for __________________. He was convinced he could find a way around the tip of S. America and make it to Asia. Began journey in 1519 with_______ ships ______________________reached South America claiming lots of land for Spain. Had lots of trouble at the southern tip when he reached a narrow ____________. Found a calm ocean on western side of S. America. He named it_______________, which means peaceful (compared to the stormy Atlantic). In 1521, Magellan reached the Philippine Islands He was killed by the __________________. 1522, the _______________ (the last of his ships) returned to Spain. 22 of 270 men survived. English Sail West England is the first European nation to follow Spain John ________________ led England’s first voyage to America. First trip in _______________________. He returned & spoke of a huge landmass north of where Columbus had landed (this was ________________). Made another voyage next year and explored the North American coast. But Cabot and his men ________________________ there without a trace. The Northwest Passage Many thought there was a water ___________________ up North. They named the unknown place the ____________________________ Passage. The French began looking for it in 1524 with Italian sailor Giovanni da ___________________________. He explored the northern sections of present ______ _________. Verrazano did not find a route through _______________ America. French tried to find it again 10 years later in 1534 with French navigator Jacques ____________________. He sailed up the St. __________________ River and claimed present day Canada for France, but did not find the passage.