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Transcript
Introduction to Physical Science Monday, Wednesday, Thursday Tom Burbine [email protected] Magnetic Poles • Like poles repel • Opposite poles attract • North-seeking pole points northward • South-seeking pole points southward Magnetic Force • 1) Between magnets, it is the attraction of unlike magnetic poles and the repulsion of like magnetic poles • 2) Between a magnetic field and moving charge, it is the deflecting force due to the motion of the charge Difference between magnetic poles and electron charges • Electric charges can be isolated – Protons and electrons can exist separately • Magnetic poles cannot – North magnetic poles can’t exist without south poles • If you break a magnet in half, each half will act as a magnet • If you break that piece in half, you will then have four magnets • This suggests that the atoms themselves are magnets Magnetic Field • The region of magnetic influence around a magnetic pole or a moving charged particle • Direction of the field, by convention, is from the north pole to the south pole Motion of electric charges • Electron spinning • Electron revolution around the protons Electron spinning • An electron spinning creates a magnetic field • A pair of electrons spinning in the same direction creates a stronger magnet • A pair of electrons spinning in the opposite direction work against each other Metals • Materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt have electrons whose spins do not cancel out Magnetic domains • Clusters of atoms line up with one another Permanent Magnet • Place a piece of iron (or a similarly magnetized material) in a strong magnetic field • Moving charge produces a magnetic field • A current of charge produces a magnetic field Electromagnetic Induction • Electric current can be produced in a wire simply by moving a magnet into or out of a coil of wire • A voltage is induced by the relative motion between a wire and the magnetic field Faraday’s Law • The induced voltage of a coil is proportional to the number of loops multiplied by the rate at which the magnetic field changes within those loops • More practical to move the coil then move the magnet • Generator has a rotating coil in a stationary magnetic field • Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy Any Questions?
