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Download Separation of Powers—Dividing a government into different branches
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Government of the Roman Republic What’s a Republic Anyway? -Republic comes from a Latin term (Res Publica) meaning “public matter” -It means the same thing as Representative Democracy Separation of Powers • Like the United States, the Roman Republic was a tripartite government, meaning it separated its government into three parts or powers • Separation of Powers—Dividing a government into different branches so that one person or group of people does not hold all of the power. Example: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches Checks and Balances Each of the three branches could prevent the other two from becoming too powerful. This is the principle of checks and balances. Example: In Rome, Senators (legislative branch) voted on who the consuls (executive branch) would be. What is an example of checks and balances in America? Executive Branch Enforces/Carries out the Laws Roman Republic United States Consuls—There were two consuls in the Roman Republic. They were the heads of the government and commandersin-chief President—chosen by the electoral college Dictator—In times of emergency, a dictator could be appointed to rule singlehandedly for up to 6 months --Nominated by a consul Vice President—assumes the Presidency if the President is no longer able to serve Legislative Branch Makes the Laws Roman Republic United States Centuriate and Tribal Assemblies—declared war and passed some laws; contained entire electorate but probably run by upperclasses House of Representatives— Members serve two-year terms and control all bills dealing with taxes; 435 members Senate—elite and more prestigious than assemblies; Patrician body which specialized in foreign policy Senate—Members serve 6-year terms and specialize in foreign policy; 100 members (so more elite—just like in Rome) Judicial Branch Interprets the Laws Roman Republic United States Praetors—High Judges; served two-year terms Supreme Court—9member court which determines whether laws are constitutional ** Who appoints members of Tribunes—Tried court cases the Supreme Court? Lower Courts—Variety of courts at the state, county, and city level. Legal Code Roman Republic United States Twelve Tables—Originally not Constitution—Adopted in 1787; posted, but eventually posted Amended (changed) 27 times in the Forum; Meant to protect since then. the plebeians from the patricians How would this protect the plebeians? Can you think of any amendments? Citizenship Roman Republic United States Patrician and Plebeian men. Determined through ancestry. According to the 14th amendment, determined by American birth or the naturalization process (taking citizenship test) Includes all sexes and races. Glue the graphic organizer on page 15 of your notebook! Create a Diagram of Separation of Powers! • Use paper provided and markers/colored pencils— make it neat!! • List the name of all 3 branches in the diagram along with the example from both Rome and the US—label which is which! • Include an illustration for each branch (so 3 in all— don’t use the ones below!)