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The Roman Republic What is a Republic? A republic is a state or country that is not led by a monarch. The people (or at least a part of its people) have an impact on its government. Why did Rome become a Republic? From 753 to 509BC, Rome was ruled by kings. It then became a Republic because the people of Rome didn't like the way that King Tarquinius had ruled: they said he was a tyrant. The Republic was set up to make sure that there weren't any more tyrants in charge of Rome. Roman Republic In the Republic there were three main parts of the government: The Senate The Consuls The Assembly Important Vocabulary: Patrician: the noble and wealthy in Rome (aristocracy) Plebian: “the common people” The Senate Consisted of patricians—men from wealthy families in Rome The chief governmental body because they: Advised the consuls and the Assembly Controlled public finances and foreign affairs Assigned military commands and provinces Debated and passed decrees that would be submitted to the Assemblies for final ratification Once one was a member of the Senate, he stayed in for the rest of his life. Consuls Two men elected by the Senate Had supreme power in both civil and military matters Both consuls had to agree in order for anything to happen. While in the city of Rome, the consuls got advice from the Senate, and most of the time, they did what the Senate advised. While abroad, each consul would command an army. His authority abroad would be nearly absolute. The Assembly Consisted of all the free, adult men who were Roman citizens Voted on laws suggested by government officials Patricians had more votes than the other citizens, so power was not shared equally. Thus, patricians had more political power. Declared war or peace Elected Tribunes Tribunes Roman officials whose task it was to protect the rights of the plebian class Sacrosanct: Immune from arrest or punishment Their sacrosanctity was enforced by a pledge, taken by the plebeians, to kill any person who harmed or interfered with a tribune during his term of office. All of the powers of the tribune derived from their sacrosanctity. Could veto the action of any elected official Could punish--even with death--a disobedient official