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Rome: The Beginning Background: Alexander’s Crumbling Empire By 150 C.E. the Hellenistic world in decline Rome growing and gaining strength Rome profoundly impacted by these cultural influences A Roman Tradition: Romulus and Remus • As you listen to the Legend of Romulus and Remus, list TWO facts from the story and TWO fictional pieces of information. • Why do you think the myth of the twins was so appealing to believe? The Geography of an Empire With a partner, list THREE reasons why Rome is in a strategic location Livy “The Early History of Rome” As you read, consider: Why was Rome’s geography so important? “Not without reason did gods and men choose this spot for the site of our city – the hills, the river to bring us produce from the inland regions and sea-borne commerce from abroad, the sea itself, near enough for convenience yet not so near as to bring danger from foreign fleets, our situation in the very heart of Italy – all these advantages make it of all places in the world the best for a city destined to grow great.” (29 B.C.E) The Roman Republic: Goals To explain the main institutions of the Roman Republic To describe how the Punic Wars helped increase Rome’s power Hannibal The First Romans Etruscan King of Rome (600 B.C.E) Accomplishments: Turns villages into a city 1st temples & public centers Forum: Heart of Roman political life Forum: “A medium of open discussion. A public assembly involving an audience or panel discussion” The Roman Republic: 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribune (Representative body for plebeians) The Twelve Tables Why is a written code of law important to this or any civilization? The Twelve Tablets: 451 B.C.E. Hung in the Roman Forum Form the basis for Roman law The tablets outline political and social rights for the plebeians They establish the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law Expansion: The Mediterranean Romans recognize key to expansion is control of the Mediterranean Sea To gain this control, the Romans must defeat the Carthaginians and take Sicily Round 2: Hannibal Invades Rome Hannibal: Carthaginian General - brilliant military strategist who devises a surprise attack on Rome Roman General, Scipio, attacks and forces Hannibal back to Carthage Victory gives Romans control of the Mediterranean Sea The Punic Wars Expansion through Conquest 4th Century Romans dominated central Italy Eventually defeat Etruscans and Greeks By 265 B.C. Romans masters of all Italy and want to expand rule Neighboring Latins became full citizens, other conquered people enjoyed citizenship but not the vote, and others became allies of Rome Expansion through Trade Good access to the Mediterranean Traded Roman wine and olive oil for food, raw materials, and manufactured goods Often interfered by other powerful cities such as Carthage Causes/Events Leading to Key Events & Figures Results/Significance 1st Punic War (264 - 241 B.C.) -Desire to control Sicily and the western Mediterranean 2nd Punic War (218 – 202 B.C.) -Hannibal wanted to avenge Carthage’s earlier defeat -Assembled huge army with elephants and cavalry to go through Spain across France and the Alps -216 B.C. Battle of Cannae was biggest victory for Hannibal -Romans stopped Hannibal from entering Rome -Roman general Scipio attacked Carthage forcing Hannibal to return home -In 202 B.C. Hannibal defeated by Romans near Zama. -Ended with the defeat of Carthage 3rd Punic War (149 – 146 B.C.) -Rome laid siege to Carthage In 146 B.C. the city was set on fire and it’s inhabitants sold into slavery -Territory made a Roman province -Gave Rome dominance over the Western Mediterranean -Ended with the defeat of Carthage