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BELLWORK • What is the difference between Patricians and Plebians? • What type of government did Rome have? (what was it a combination of?) • How was Rome’s military organized? • How could someone obtain citizenship in Rome? What rights did they have as citizens? • THINKER: What similarities does the government of Ancient Rome have with America’s government? Roman Expansion • Punic Wars: 264BC-146BC, series of three wars between Rome and the NorthAfrican city state of Carthage. • Both wanted control of western Mediterranean. • Rome was victorious and captured all cities from the Mediterranean to Spain to Asia Minor. Carthaginian General Hannibal crossing the Alps during the Second Punic War. Romans attack on Carthage Romans attack on Carthage The Republic in Crisis • Rome’s military expansion encompassed multiple countries with no regard to their way of life/culture REVOLT! • Roman officials overtaxed residents REVOLT! • Wealthy Romans acquired large estates and used slaves to work their land – this put small farmers out of their business and homes REVOLT! • Putting down these revolts cost Rome a lot of troops, money, and resources. Reform • In the 50’s BC, Julius Caesar, took over the government and named himself dictator. • Expanded empire to Gaul (France) • Gave jobs to unemployed, public land to the poor, and citizenship to conquered peoples. • Some Romans loved Caesar for his reforms, others saw him as a tyrant who meant to end the republic and make himself king. • On March 15, 44 BC, Cesar was assassinated by a group of government officials. Reform • After a period of civil war, Caesar’s nephew, Augustus, became the ruler of Rome in 32 BC. • In the 40 years of Augustus’ reign he introduced many reforms: • Attacked government corruption • Imported food for Rome’s poor • Constructed magnificent buildings • Begun Pax Romana (Roman Peace) which lasted 200 years “I found Rome a city of bricks, and left it a city of marble” -Augustus Caesar Roman Society: Graphic Organizer • In your notes, create a graphic organizer with a row for the following points: • Law and Order • Trade, Engineering and Science • Daily Life • Language and Literature • The columns will address Roman Society and American Society – since there are a lot of similarities. • In your book, read pages73-75 and we will fill in the chart together. Roman Slavery, Gladiators, and the Spartacus Revolt • Even though some Romans had rights, slaves were the lowest class in society. • Gladiators were used for personal entertainment. • You are now going to complete a worksheet that addresses these groups in Roman society. • ½ of the worksheet is review (use pgs. 71 & 72) the other ½ is from the article. • Answer the questions on your OWN sheet of paper.