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Transcript
Do Now Please answer the following question: List everything you know or think you know about Ancient Rome: Learning Outcomes 1) Students should know the difference between patricians and plebeians. 2) Students should know what a republic is. The Geography of Rome Geography Rome=center of Italian peninsula Midway point of the Mediterranean Sea. Built near 7 rolling hills and the Tiber River. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus Italy in 750 BCE Influence of the Etruscans Writing and alphabet Religion The Arch Roman Republic Early Rome- ruled by kings. 509 B.C. Romans started a republic. Republic- is a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. Only free-born male citizens could vote. Question: How is a republic similar and different to a democracy? Two groups in Rome Patricians –wealthy landowners who held most of the power. Plebeians - common farmers, artisans, and merchants. Made up the majority of the population. Both battled for power. Patricians- held most of gov’t positions. They allowed the plebeians to have own assembly called tribunes. Tribunes protected the rights of the plebeians. GD question: Is a republic fair to both the poor and the rich? Why The Law of the Twelve Tables (450 BC) Provided political & social rights for Plebeians- became basis for most of our laws- Constitution, Bill of Rights Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome 1 year term) Controlled the army and directed the government Senate (Representative body for patricians) aristocrats. Domestic and foreign policy. 300 members from the rich. Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians) Democratic part of gov’t. Made laws for the common man and later the republic. Dictator (only in times of crisis) Leader who had absolute power. Control army and make laws. 6 months only Do Now Please answer the following questions: Who “founded” Rome? What is a republic? Define the following terms: Republic Patricians Plebeians The Twelve tables Learning Outcomes 1) Students should know key terms (Hannibal, legion Punic Wars) 2) Students will comprehend the outcome of the Punic Wars and its effect on Rome. Essential Question What effect did the Punic Wars have on the future of Rome? Roman Army All landowners must serve in military. Legions- large military units. The Roman army lead to its rise to greatness. 265 B.C. controlled all of Italy. Trade and War Used the Mediterranean Sea as a way to trade goods. This led to conflict with Carthage. 264 B.C. Rome and Carthage go to war. Carthaginian Empire Punic Wars 264-146 B.C. they fight three wars. First war- Rome wins Second Punic War (218 B.C.) Hannibal leader of Carthage. He wanted to avenge their early defeat. Hannibal had 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants. Went over the Alps (mountains). For more than a decade he marched up and down Rome defeating Rome. Eventually he was defeated by Scipio in 202 B.C. Hannibal’s Route Third Punic War- Rome lays siege to Carthage. The city was burned and 50,000 inhabitants sold into slavery. Rome was now in complete control of the Mediterranean and lands from Spain to Greece. Textbook Complete vocabulary words (blue words)--terms, people and places starting on page 150-160—17 words Worksheets- Sections 1 and 2 Homework: Greece DBQ essay due tomorrow Do Now You have 5 minutes to complete the following questions in your notebook. 1) Who was Hannibal? 2) Who were the plebeians and patricians ? 3) What is a republic? Essential Question Understand the concept of the Roman Empire and its key figures and terms. Outline Your job is to outline Chapter 6 Section 2, starting on page 157-160. 1) Write down the key points and terms.(Julius Caesar and rise to power, Augustus and Pax Romana 2) Make sure you are writing down the important information because you will be tested on this. (vocab/ charts 3) THIS WILL BE GRADED!!! After finishing the outline complete the Report Card Worksheet Do Now and Essential Question Do Now: In notes for a grade Would you have enjoyed being a gladiator. Why or why not? Essential Question: What is Christianity and how did it spread? The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE Romans were polytheistic but not central (important). As the empire grew, a new religion grew out of Judaism, Christianity. 63 B.C., Rome took over Judea, home of the Jews Jesus Born around 6 to 4 B.C. in Bethlehem. At age 30 began his ministry and preached for three years. Apostles- 12 men who were closest to Jesus. Why was Jesus Killed? Growing popularity---was a threat to the Roman and Jewish leaders. Was viewed as a king Pontius Pilate puts him to death (to be crucified). Christianity comes from the word Christ. The Rise of Christianity Christianity Spreads First followers were Jewish. At first it spreads slowly. The apostle, Paul, at first persecuted Christians. Then was converted and taught Jesus’ word throughout the Roman empire. The Pax Romana (peace) allowed the teachings to spread Common language- Greek and Latin Pax Romana (30-BC - 180AD) Era of peace & prosperity which was based on reform policies of Caesar & Octavian (Augustus). Throughout the Roman empire borders were secure; roadways were safe; the poor were provided for; morality and law & order were checked with propaganda and legislation. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles The Spread of Christianity Jews revolt Two times (70 A.D. and 132 A.D.) the Jews tried to revolt against Rome. Both times they are defeated. Diaspora- Jews driven from their homeland Persecution As the time of peace ended, persecution increased. Christians were used as scapegoats for political and economic problems. Thousands were crucified, burned, executed or thrown to the lions. Martyr=someone who gives their life for their beliefs. Why so Popular? 1) Embraced all people 2)Gave hope to the powerless 3)Mad at the extravagances of Rome 4) Gave a relationship with a loving God 5) Promised eternal life after death Acceptance Emperor Constantine was fighting for total control of Rome, he used the cross as a symbol. He won the battle. 313A.D. he ended the per suction of the Christians and made it one of the religions of the empire. Constantine: 312 - 337 Journal Entries Pretend you are a gladiator in Rome. Write down at least 5 journal entries about what you see, your life, fears, family, how did you get there etc. Each entry must be at least 6 sentences . You can use your notes from Gladiator as a guide. This will be graded. Do Now Name the emperor who converted to Christianity after he won a battle? Name two reasons Christianity spread/became popular? Who spread Jesus’ teaching throughout the empire? What is a martyr? Do Now Please answer the following questions: Who was Julius Caesar? Who was Cleopatra? Who won the civil war between Augustus and Marc Anthony? Instead of a republic, Rome was ruled by who? Essential Question Why did Rome fall/decline? Reason #1 Rome’s economy weakens -trade declines -lack of gold/silver= must raise taxes - made more money = inflation= drop in the value of money with an increase in prices. - Poor harvest overuse and war= land not good - Widening gap of rich and poor Reason #2 Military -Generals less discipline and loyal (wanted power) -Soldiers loyalty to Generals not Rome - Hired mercenaries-foreign soldiers who fought for money. No loyalty. Decline of patriotism. Threat from invaders Reason #3 Social /Political Decline interest in public affairs No confidence in emperor/empire Decline in population…WHY ? Decline of patriotism. Reason #4 Social /Political Military generals interfere for power. Civil War Division of empire New capital in Byzantium Diocletian He divided the Roman empire into two halves - East (Greece, Egypt and Syria)-West (Italy, Britain, Spain) War Four emperors fought for control 312 A.D. Constantine wins and moves the capital from Rome to the east (Constantinople). The eastern part would survivor but the west would decline Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 330) Group Discussion GD question- What does your group believe is the biggest reason for the fall of Rome? Classwork Please complete the following work: IN: Reading Guide: pages 51-53, 55-58, 61-65 Regents Prep Books: pages 34-36 1.18-1.22 Textbook: page 165 #1,3,4,5 page 176# 1,3, 4,5 Please hand in your Greek multiple choice exam from Friday!!! Western Empire Crumbles Germanic Invasions -The Huns attack Germanic lands which causes. (Attila the Hun=leader of the Huns) -Other Germanic tribes “barbarians” (non-Roman) to flee into Rome. 410 A.D. Rome is plundered in three days Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c Barbarian Invasions Barbarian Invasions 261Barbarian Map Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God” End in the West 476 A.D. the last Roman emperor leaves the thrown in the west In the east, Byzantine, would thrive and prosper until 1453. Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian Do Now Please answer the following questions: List three reasons why Rome’s power decreased? True or False: The Roman empire was spilt into TWO parts. What part would survive? What factor DO YOU believe was the biggest reason why Rome fell? The Legacy of Rome Republic Government (USA) Roman Law- help citizens (The 12 Tables) Latin Language Roman Catholic Church Legacy cont. City Planning- ROADS!! Romanesque Architectural Style Roman Engineering • • • • • Aqueducts Sewage systems Dams Cement Arch Rome’s Early Road System 147hadrian’sWall Hadrian’s wall in N. England, 127 AD Roman Roads: The Appian Way Roman Aqueducts 138Aqueduct 142Aque 151Great Bath in England Roman Bath in England 100Roman Forum Roman Forum The Roman Colosseum The Colosseum Interior Circus Maximus for chariot racing 115Circus Maximus Test Tomorrow!!!! Do Now Please answer the following question: List two achievements of Rome AND their impact on today’s world: Do Now Please answer the following question: How was ancient warfare (Romans) similar and different to today’s warfare? DBQ with essay due tomorrow!!!!!