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The trace of Roman influence in the Romanian culture and architecture Grup Şcolar de Telecomunicaţii şi Lucrări Publice Hunedoara Ulpia Traiana at Sarmizegetusa The colony Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa was the capital of the Roman Dacia , situated at a distance of about 40 km of Sarmizegetusa Regia, the capital of Dacia. The ruins of the ancient city is today the subject of an archaeological complex in the Sarmizegetusa village, Hunedoara County. Ulpia Traiana was founded by the governor of Roman Dacia, Decimus Terentius Scaurianus and had a common shape used by the Romans : the rectangle with rounded edges. If the old capital of Pre-Roman Dacia, was situated in the Orăştie Mountains at an altitude of 1200 m, the Roman Sarmizegetusa was placed on an almost lowland terrain , in the Hateg’s basin, at 531 m high. The city is located at a distance of about 8 km from the pass that connects the Banat region and Transylvania and in antiquity bared the name of Tapae, today “ The Iron Gates of Transylvania ". • • • • Some of the elements of the archeological complex from Sarmizegetusa are : The Amphitheatre The temple of the goddess Nemesis Traian’s forum (forum vetus) The Capitol The Amphitheatre Situated at approximately 100 m of the northern wing of the inner wall of the town, is the most impressive building. In an elliptical shape, it has 88 m in length and 69 m high, thus occupying a middle place regarding size, compared to other provincial amphitheatres. The number of spectators that the amphitheatre of Ulpia Traiana could include rose up to 5.000 people maximum. The date of construction is not precisely known , but we believe that it was in the early years of Roman domination. The forum built by Traian The Forum, a civic, political and administrative centre, it was located right in the middle of the town , at the crossroads of two main roads that passed Sarmizegetusa from east to west and from north to south. Its entrance was monumental and had the aspect of a triumphant arch on which it had chiselled the inscription of foundation of the colony. The actual forum contained, in the first place , a plaza, surrounded by a vestibule with columns and pavement of limestone and marble. In this plaza there were raised numerous monuments and statues whose foundations can be seen even today. The Temple of the goddess Nemesis Nemesis, the goddess of luck and fortune, was worshiped by the gladiators, which led to the location of the temple in the immediate proximity of the eastern gate of the amphitheatre. The Temple was discovered between 18911893,with the occasion of the partial uncovering of the amphitheatre. Micia (Veţel) It is an important Roman settlement, developed around the great “castrum” .Although it had only a rural status (pagus), the settlement presented a high degree of urbanization, with an orthogonal road system, monumental public edifices (thermes, amphitheatre etc) and a harbor at Mureş (arranged with piers made of stone masonry) The Roman Castrum It is an historical monument,situated between the villages Păuşa and Căciulata, near the town Călimăneşti, being on the list of historical monuments since 2004, dated from the Roman epoch, years 137138 A.C. . The construction is placed on the left shore of river Olt in the vicinity of the Cozia Monastery and in the surroundings of the Hidroenergetic Complex Turnu. Arutela The date was made based on an inscription, discovered in double copy, in front of the two of the gates of the Castrum, from which derives that this one was build on the time of the emperor Hadrian, by a troop of Syrian archers (Suri Sagittari), in the year 138,from the order of Titus Flavius Constans, procurator and military governor of Inferior Dacia. The last coin, as a date, discovered at Arutela, was emitted between the years 220–223 A.C. At Arutela existed a dacian settelment too,who prolonged its existance under Roman dominion. Saint Nicolas Church from Densuş It is a worship place from the viilage Densuş, Hunedoara county, one of the secular churches of Byzantine rite from Romania, built in the XIII century. From 1991 it is on the list of monuments proposed to enter in the UNESCO patrimony. Nicolae Iorga named the church “ without equal in al the Romanhood”. It was raised on the ruins of an antique construction (sec.IV). Built of roman processed stones brought from the nearby ruins of Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, the church has a strange appearance, which doesn’t hide the stilistical impress of the later romanism. Tropaeum Traiani –The Monument from Adamclisi It was built in the honour of the emperor Traian, between 106-109, as an homage for defeating the coalition made of geto-dacians, burs and sarmats, following the battles the Romans had with them in the year of 102,the monument is an authentic source of information about events from the ancient history of the Roman people. A quarter a century ago (in 1977) the monument was rebuilt at its natural size , with as maximum scientific strictness as possible, being thus examined and admired in its whole greatness and beauty. The fortress of Adamclisi Considered as the greatest Roman civil settlement on the Dobrogea territory and built at the same time with the commemorative Monument, the fortress was inhabited by the veterans’ families, who participated at the Traian’s dacian wars and were colonized here. The town obtained the title of « municipium » in the time of the emperor Septimiu Sever (193-211) but being destroyed by the Goths it had to be completely rebuilt as shown on an inscription from year 316, through the care of the emperor Constantine the Great. Traian’s Bridge It was a bridge built by Apolodor of Damask, the architect of the Traian’s pillar, between the spring of 103 and the spring of 105, on the Lower Danube, at the East of the Iron Gates, near the town Drobeta-Turnu Severin. The purpose of the construction was to facilitate the transport of roman troops led by Traian and that of provisions, necessary for the second military campaign of conquering the Dacia of the king Decebal. The architectonic and technical greatness of the bridge over the Danube was, at least for the antiquity, remarkable and demonstrates the strategic importance that Traian gave it to the construction and through that to the conquer of Dacia. On the Traian’s pillar we can distinguish a stylized image of the bridge, with less pillars, but in principal according to the written sources, which permits the recognition of the techniques of collocation of wood and stone. Mitric Alexandru class: XI-a C.