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Download The Roman Legions
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A legion usually consisted of approximately 5,000-6,000 soldiers. In 58 BC, Caesar had six legions, eight in 58-57 B. C., and ten in 53 B. C. By the Second Century A.D. the Roman Army consisted of about 28 Legions with approximately 160,000 legionaries, along with an additional force of some 220,000 auxiliary troops in other types of units. It's been estimated that a Legionary could carry anywhere from 66 lbs. to over 100 lbs. of gear and weapons. Buccellatum and Frumentum Hard tack and corn rations. (is a simple type of cracker or biscuit, made from flour, water, and salt. Papilio Leather tent. Tunica The standard tunic worn over linen undergarments and underneath his armor Caligae Heavy military sandals that used iron hob-nails as treads, similar to modern day athletic cleats. Galea Helmet. Though there were many types this was the most common helmet. They were generally made of bronze with iron trim, with a projecting piece shielded the neck and a smaller ridge fastened at the front for protection of the face. Scutum The large Roman shield, which was curved to fit the body Gladius The Roman short sword. It was a double-edged weapon about 18 inches long and two inches wide, often with a corrugated bone grip formed to the Legionaries hand. Pilum The Roman javelin. It was seven feet long and very light, as it was thrown before just prior to engaging the enemy in melee, to disarm as much as wound them. Pugio The Roman dagger was anywhere from 7 to 11 inches long in similar width to the gladius Arcus and sagitta (bow and arrow) – The Roman ballista (a catapult) were huge crossbows that shot out these huge darts. The ballista’s were capable of going through about four armored men with one single dart.