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Download WH 1 Lesson 28 Instructional Resource 1
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Julius Caesar His role in the collapse of the Roman Republic Decline of the Roman Republic Spread of slavery in the agricultural system Increased due to conquests and wars Migration of small farmers into cities and unemployment. They lost everything Were forced to leave their lands and wealthy people bought them Now slaves worked their lands Devaluation of Roman currency – inflation. Government Corruption ► Politicians were out for personal benefits and wealth. ► Popular discontent threatened politicians. ► Due to constant fighting for power, political factions emerged. Optimales – patricians and wealthy ► Wanted to keep all the power and keep it away from popular discontent Populares – all the people, including the plebeians. ► Advocated interests of everybody Civil Wars Unable to resolve its problems peacefully, Rome was plunged into a series of civil wars. The two factions fought for control of the Senate. Assassinations were frequently used to eliminate competition. Julius Caesar Was born in 100 B.C. to a patrician family with a good name, but no money. He entered politics and joined Populares He was an ambitious military commander, great lawyer, and politician (became a Consul). Evolution of Imperial Rome • First triumvirate - the alliance of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Marcus Crassus formed in 60 B.C. – Triumvirate is a ruling board or commission of three men. • The three men were able to control Rome, and the alliance aided Caesar’s rise to power. • He seized power after Pompey turned against him and declared himself a dictator. – After 10 years he proclaimed himself a dictator for life – it was against Roman constitution. Rome Caesar and Cleopatra Caesar met Cleopatra in Egypt (pharaoh of Egypt). She had interest in common people of Egypt They had an affair and then a son. He later took them both to Rome, where they were staying when he died Assassination A group of Senators conspired against Caesar On March 15, 44 B.C., 23 Senators assassinated him. They stabbed him extensively They were led by Marcus Brutus. They wanted to return to the old ways Wanted to put an end to the tyrant and to restore the Republic But it was too late for the Republic to ever return! From Republic to Empire Civil War broke out after Caesar’s murder between Marc Antony and Octavian. Octavian defeated Mark Antony and became Rome’s first emperor. He changed his name to Augustus Caesar. Failure to provide for peaceful succession of Emperor later becomes a problem. Empire – unified and enlarged territory, ruled through imperial authority and the military.