Download Ancient Rome

• 12/8 Focus:
– Rome grew rapidly, and growth brought
political, economic, and social changes. Some
leaders attempted reforms, but the republican
government was unable to deal with the
problems caused by these changes.
• Important Terms:
– Empire
• Do Now:
– What was one effect of the Roman victory in
the Punic Wars?
Ancient Rome
Roman Expansion
From Republic to Empire
Roman Expansion
• Rome defeats
Carthage in the
Punic Wars
– Controls the
western
Mediterranean
• conquered
Macedonia, Greece,
and parts of
Anatolia
– controls the
Eastern
Mediterranean
Roman Expansion
• Rome gave many of the
people it conquered
citizenship and made
them allies
– Made it easier to control
large empire
– increased the size of the
army
The Emblem of the Roman Army
SPQR= the Senate and People
of Rome
The Roman Military
• All landowning men 1746 had to serve in the
army during wartime
• Roman army organized
into legions
– Legions divided into
centuries led by
Centurions
– Highly disciplined and a
well trained soldiers
•
The Roman Military
• Frequent warfare
made the army
stronger
• War increased the
wealth of Rome
• rewarded successful
generals by giving
them power in the
government
•
The highest honor for a general was a "triumph," a grand parade through the
streets of Rome. The victorious general, dressed up to look like the supreme god
Jupiter, rode in a chariot. Behind him marched the soldiers, carrying the many
valuables taken from the enemy and leading the prisoners of war.
Expansion Creates Problems
• Conquest brings
tremendous wealth
to Rome
–leads to corruption;
gov’t leaders
become greedy
Expansion Creates Problems
• The gap between
wealthy and poor grows
– Soldiers (legionnaires)
return to Rome and live
in poverty
– Senate favors the
wealthy and ignores the
poor
– Tiberius And Gaius
Gracchus attempt to
reform Rome but are
killed by mobs at the
urging of senators
Expansion Creates Problems
• Soldiers in the army began to have loyalty
to a particular general rather than Rome
– Rome changes requirement of landownership to
join army
– Lead to increased numbers of poor people in
the army hoping to gain riches from spoils of
war
– Generals begin to develop their own “private”
armies which they can use to increase their
own power
– Generals begin to fight each other for control
of government
Closure
• Why would it be helpful to Rome to give
rights to people that it conquered?
• Identify one problem created by Roman
expansion.
• 12/10 Focus:
– Governmental and social problems led to
the end of the Roman Republic and
creation of new form of government.
• Important Terms
– Triumvirate, Pax Romana
• Do Now:
– Why did Rome offer many of the people
that it conquered some of the benefits of
being Roman citizenship?
The First Triumvirate
• Three men take over the
Republic in 60 BC
– Julius Caesar
• General who had conquered Gaul
– Pompey
• General conquered Syria and Asia
Minor
– Crassus
• Wealthy Roman citizen
Civil War
• Crassus’s dies
• Caesar and Pompey
fight for control
of Rome
• Caesar wins civil
war and is made
dictator for life by
the Senate
Julius Caesar
• Reforms Rome which
makes him popular
with the public
– Improves court
system
– Gives property to
the poor and
veterans
Julius Caesar
• Senators feared
his growing power
– A group of
senators murder
Caesar on March
15, 44 BC
• Stabbed 23
times
• E Tu Brute?
Octavian (Augustus Caesar)
• Adopted son of Julius Caesar
– Shared power with Marc Anthony after
Caesar’s murder
• Becomes the sole ruler of Rome in 31 BC
– defeats Marc Anthony at the Battle of
Actium
– Senate gives him the title “Augustus”
• Meant “respected one”; first citizen.
• Becomes the first Emperor of Rome
– Had absolute power
– Marks the end of the Roman Republic
Augustus Caesar
• Restores peace to Rome
– Start of the Pax Romana
• The Roman Peace
• Expands the Roman
Empire into Western
Europe
– Spain, northern Gaul,
Hungary, Croatia
•
Augustus Caesar
• Massive public works projects
– Bridges, roads, aqueducts
• Public entertainment
– Coliseum, gladiators, and games
– Bread and Circuses (fed and entertained
people)
• Had support of the people
– Was worshipped as a god by the people
• Dies in 41 AD
Pax Romana
• “The Roman Peace”
• 200 years of peace and prosperity in
the Roman Empire
• Characteristics of the Pax Romana
– Stable government
– Strong legal system
– Widespread Trade due to the extensive
road networks in the Empire
– Peace
•
•
•
Points for Discussion
• Identify one factor that contributed to
the end of the Roman Republic and the
start of the Roman Empire.
• Identify one contribution that Augustus
made as ruler of Rome.
Closure
• What was the Pax Romana?