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Chapter 2: The Fall of Rome
Chapter 2 – Section 1:
The Roman Empire
Vocabulary
 Augustus
 citizens
 aqueducts
Augustus
(23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14 )
ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in AD 14
 1st emperor of Rome
 Set many of the powers
that later emperors
would have:
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declare war
raise taxes
Born Gaius Octavius
punish lawbreakers
Thurinus, he was
adopted by his greatnominate public officials
uncle Gaius Julius
influence meetings of the
Caesar in 44 BC. In
27 BC, the Senate
Senate, the elected
awarded him the
council that had once
honorific Augustus ("the
Various Names: revered one")
ruled Rome
• Birth to adoption: Gaius Octavius Thurinus
 lead religious festivals
• Adoption to accession: Gaius Julius Caesar
• As Emperor: Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus
“I drove the men who slaughtered my father [Julius Caesar] into exile with a
legal order, punishing their crime, and afterwards, when they waged war on the
state, I conquered them in two battles.”
- FROM DEEDS OF THE DIVINE AUGUSTUS
Short Movie on Augustus (Time - 8:43)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgbbPY
E-Ics
 Uploaded by Princepsmaximus on Sep 19, 2008
 The first emperor Augustus (27 B.C.-14 A.D.) was the
most honored and adored man in roman history. The
film shows why he came to that power and what he did
with it.
Laws and Citizenship
 The Roman empire survived, at least in
part, because of its laws.
 Rome’s laws were written down and kept
on public display.
 Rome’s laws protected the rights of the
city’s citizens, the people who could
participate in the government.
 Only citizens could hold offices or vote.
Rome and Christianity
 The Impact of Rome on the World Today
 Watch video: Time - 2:48
 Describe two ways in which the Roman
achievements have impacted American
culture.
Roman Advancements
 Engineering – Roman engineers
built many structures to improve life, such
as roads, bridges, and aqueducts.
 Art – Like the Greeks, Roman artists tried
to make their art incredibly realistic.
 Architecture – the art of
designing
buildings.
Innovated
for their
strength
and size.
 Philosophy – Roman
philosophers, or thinkers, advised people
on how they should behave in order to be
happy.
Chapter 2 – Section 2: Fall of
the Western Roman Empire
Vocabulary
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Diocletian
Constantine
Clovis
Attila
corruption
1
Fall of the Western Roman
Empire
Notes for Chapter 2 –
Section 2
Make sure to highlight portions of this
PowerPoint as we go through it together
in class.
Rome Before its Fall
 At its height, the
empire included all
the land around the
Mediterranean Sea.
 By the end of the
100’s, some emperors
had given up some of the land because they feared that
the empire had become too large.
 These emperors were right!
2
Problems In the Empire
 Barbarians began attacking Rome’s
northern and eastern boarders.
 German communities began moving
into the empire to help grow food
ignoring the emperors in charge.
 Disease swept throughout the empire,
killing many people.
 Taxes increased to pay for the defense
of the empire against the attacks.
3
Division of the Empire
 DIOCLETIAN took power
and divided the empire
in half; he ruling the
eastern half and named
a co-emperor to rule the
west.
 After Diocletian,
CONSTANTINE reunited the
empire.
 He moved the capital city to
Constantinople.
 Power had moved from west
(Rome) to east
4
Diocletian
(22 December 244 – 2 December 311 )
51st Roman Emperor from 284 - 305
Convinced that the empire was too big for one person to
rule, he divided the empire. He ruling the eastern half
and named a co-emperor to rule the west.
A Quick Overview of Diocletian's Tetrarchy The Roman "Rule by Four" (Time - 2:21)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cwf8e_RSfw
Division of the Empire
 DIOCLETIAN took power
and divided the empire in
half; he ruling the eastern
half and named a coemperor to rule the west.
 After Diocletian,
CONSTANTINE reunited
the empire.
 He moved the capital city
to Constantinople.
 Power had moved from
west (Rome) to east
(Constantinople).
4
Constantine
(27 February 272 – 22 May 337 )
57th Roman Emperor from 306 - 337
Reunited the two halves of the Roman Empire.
Also moved the empire’s capital to the east into
what is now Turkey. This capital was called
Constantinople.
First Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity.
Who was Constantine? (Time - 4:05)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1asoxwkTWC0&feature=related
5
Barbarians Invade Rome
Hun at top, Goth warrior on bottom
 In the late 300’s, barbarians
begin to invade deep into
the empire.
 The HUNS were a fierce
group of barbarian warriors
from Central Asia.
 The GOTHS sacked Rome
in 410.
 The VANDALS invaded
Spain.
 ANGLES, SAXONS,
JUTES, and FRANKS
invaded Britain and Gaul.
Attila
(Also known as Attila the Hun - 406 - 453 )
Ruler of the Huns from 434 - 453
Raided Roman territory in the east.
Attila the Hun
Movie Trailer –
2001
(Time – 1:24)
Epic new drama from the
BBC/Discovery
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=IUT10dZY5OI
“He was a man born into the world to shake
the nations, the scourge of all lands, who in
some way terrified all mankind by the
dreadful rumors abroad concerning him”
- Jordanes, from History of the Goths
The End of the Western Roman
Empire
6
 Military leaders began to take away power
from weak emperors
 By the 450’s, military leaders ruled Rome.
 Military leaders began fighting amongst
themselves, and barbarians took
advantage, invading Rome again.
 In 476, a barbarian general took over
Rome and made himself emperor of Italy.
Clovis
(466 - 511 )
King of the Franks 509 - 511
He was the first king of the
Franks to unite all the
Frankish tribes under one
ruler.
Also was the first Catholic
king to rule over Gaul
(France).
King Clovis (Time - 3:15)
The Frankish King Clovis defeated the Roman
Empire to give his people a country of their own.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnbTPaVs8F0
Factors in Rome’s Fall
 Barbarian Invasions considered most
significant cause, but there were many others.
 Empire was too big to govern and defend
against attacks.
 Communication within the empire was
difficult due to size.
 Corruption was too widespread within the
government.
 Many wealthy citizens left Rome, decreasing
the population, which made prices increase
(inflation) and taxes increase for those left.
 Rome no longer was the city it once was.
7
True or False Review
8
If the answer is False, write in the correct answer.
1. The Roman Empire included all the land around the
Mediterranean Sea. ______
2. Diocletian divided the Roman empire in half. ______
3. Caesar moved the capital of the empire from Rome
to Constantinople. ______
4. The Huns were barbarians from Central Asia.
______
5. Military leaders too power away from the emperors.
______
6. Size was a factor in Rome’s fall. ______
7. Corruption in the Roman government was a factor in
the fall. ______
Chapter 2 – Section 3 –
The Byzantine Empire
Vocabulary
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Justinian
Theodora
Byzantine Empire
mosaics
Justinian
(11 May 483 – 14 November 565 )
Commonly known as Justinian the Great. He
ruled the Eastern Roman Empire as emperor
from 527 to 565. Justinian sought to revive the
Empire’s greatness and re-conquer the lost
western half of the classic Roman Empire.
Justinian is considered a saint amongst the
Orthodox Christians.
Also known as the “The Emperor who never
sleeps” because of his work ethics.
The Justinian Dynasty
of Byzantium (Time –
2:39)
Coins used at that time with Justinian on face
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
Theodora
(c. 500 – 28 June 548 )
Was empress of the Roman (Byzantine) Empire
as the wife of Emperor Justinian I.
She also is considered a saint in the Orthodox
Christian Church.
She is considered to be one of the most
influential and powerful woman in Roman Empire
history.
Theodora and Justinian were partners in their
leadership of the Byzantine Empire.
Famous Mosaic of Theodora and her attendants
Byzantine Empire
 After Rome fell in
476, the emperors of
the eastern Roman
Empire dreamed of
taking it back and
reuniting the old
Roman Empire. For
Justinian, reuniting
the empire was a
passion. He couldn’t
live with an empire
that didn’t include
Rome, so he sent an
army there to retake
Italy.
After Justinian’s death in 565, the eastern
empire began to decline. See above map –
light blue part is the size after barbarians,
Persians, and Muslims invaded the empire.
The eastern empire’s struggles finally ended
nearly 700 years after the death of Justinian.
In 1453, a group called the Ottoman Turks
captured Constantinople. With this defeat,
the 1,000 year history of the Roman Empire
came to an end.
Mosaics – To show their devotion to the Christian Church, Byzantine artists
created beautiful works of religious art. Among the grandest were mosaics, pictures made
with pieces of colored stone or glass. Some mosaics sparkled with gold, silver, and jewels.
Justinian I
Project: create a mosaic of your own design.
Byzantine Empire
–Mosaics
(Time – 4:44)
http://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=39Mg
3ZFTUYY
Emperor of the Roman (Byzantine) Empire