Download Stage 28: Imperium - Mrs. Allgood's Latin Class

Stage 29: Roma
The Origins of Rome
The Origins of Rome
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name Rome - no definite origins- but
probably from Romulus.
Rome’s foundation date: April 21, 753BC
The discovery of huts confirms the presence
of an 8th century settlement on the Palatine.
The settlement (as all of Latium) was
inhabited by the Latini who were sheperds
and farmers
Why here?
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Access to Tiber river (transportation, waste removal,
etc)
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Protection from 7 hills
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Great intersection between trade from southern and
northern Italy
Map of Rome
Changes to site
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Marshy forum drained thanks to Cloaca
Maxima
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New buildings expanding outward from
Palatine
7 kings of Rome
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Romulus
Numa Pompilius
Tullus Hostilius
Ancus Marcius
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
Servius Tullius
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
Romulus Never Took Any Ladies Sept Sabines!
Government Shifts
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the last king, Tarquinius Superbus, was
driven out, and the Roman Republic was
established in 509 BCE
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Kings were replaced by two annually elected
magistrates-consuls
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Caesar brought down republic, and Augustus
was first emperor 31BC
The Roman Forum
Forum Romanum
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heart of the city and the center of the empire
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Augustus placed the miliarium aureum (golden milestone)
in the Forum to mark the starting point of the roads
Alia Fora
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Following emperors built fora nearby:
- Julius Caesar
- Augustus
- Nerva
- Trajan
- Domitian
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But Forum Romanum remained the center
of life
Fora
Julius Caesar’s Forum
Reconstruction of the Forum of Augustus
Fora
Vespasian’s Forum
Domitian’s Forum
Trajan’s Forum
Activities in Forum
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visit temples and public buildings
listen to speeches and/or debates
watch processions
sometimes to meet their friends
Shop
Military and/or funeral processions would pass through
In basilica, lawyers pleaded their cases in front of
audiences
Senators made their way to the curia to conduct affairs
of government
Pictures
Curia (senate house)
Sedan chair
Location, Location, Location
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The forum was between two of Rome’s hills, the
Capitoline and the Palatine
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was on the
Capitoline, as the center of the Roman state
religion. The Emperor came to pray for the safety of
the Roman people, and consuls took their vows on
January 1st at the beginning of their consulship
Emperor’s residence stood on the Palatine hill.
Beginning as a simple house and expanding over
the years to a palace.
Rostra and Julius Caesar
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At the foot of the Capitoline was the rostra, a
platform from which public speeches were made to
the people.
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The name comes from rostra (a ship’s prow,
captured in a sea battle early in Rome’s history)
used to decorate it.
Temple of Julius Caesar
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Famous speech made by Mark Antony over the
body of Julius Caesar in 44 BC. The crowd,
riveted by his words became so angry at
Caesar’s murder that they rioted, seized the
body, and cremated it in the forum. A temple
was later built in Caesar’s memory at the
eastern end at the place where his body was
burned.
Temple of Vesta
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A small round building with a cone-shaped roof was
where the Vestal Virgins tended the undying sacred
flame which symbolized the endurance of Rome
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The Via Sacra ran through the forum and was the
avenue for religious or triumphal processions
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Triumphal Processions ended at the Capitoline Hill
where they gave thanks at the temple..
Images
Via Sacra
Temple of Vesta
Arch of Titus
Prison
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Not far from the rostra and curia was the
prison. Prisoners of war were held in this
prison before being led in a triumphal
procession. Afterwards they would be taken
back to the prison and killed.
Lower Part