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Communication
Webquest
Created By:
Kasey Bloodgood
Alicia Wallace
Nirvi Mehta
Lindsay Morris
Georgia Embick
11/30/06
The Foundations of
Communication
Communication is a symbolic
process of sharing meaning.
• Symbols are the representation of a person,
event, place, or object.
• Words, or verbal expressions, are the most
common symbols.
• Symbolic actions include nonverbal behaviors
• Objects and ideas are also symbols.
• Effective communicators select the most
appropriate symbols for a particular receiver.
Communication is Complex
• Communication is a concept that
meanings are in people, not words.
• Communication is a continuous, ongoing
process, which begins with a first
encounter and does not end until the
last encounter.
The Communication Process
• Communication is dynamic and continuous.
• Communication is constantly ongoing and
creative within a relationship.
• Each relationship develops its own
communication.
• A relationship’s communication pattern
starts at the first moment of contact.
Sharing
• Communication requires mutual and continuous
involvement, sometimes referred to as the
transactional nature of communication.
• In sharing, both people are involved in
interactions and have a mutual influence
process.
• Effective communication requires the
presence of both parties- attention and focus.
Meanings
• Common meanings make it possible for us to
communicate
• Your own unique circumstances influence how you
assign meanings.
• No one develops exactly the same set of
meanings as another.
• Each person is as unique entity with particular
meanings for certain symbols.
• We participate in a process of constructing a
reality of ourselves and of others through our
communication
Interpersonal Communication
• Occurs when two or more people engage
in voluntary, ongoing, interdependent
interactions which involve meaningful
behaviors.
• Communication in ongoing relationships
becomes patterned and predictable.
Functional and Nurturing
Communication
• Functional communication involves
managing day to day necessities and
sharing impersonal information.
• Nurturing communication occurs when
participants send messages that are
caretaking of the relationship - a message
that indicates the other person and
relationship is valued. Ex. a hug, greeting
card, and a deep conversation.
Nonverbal
Communication
Nonverbal Communication
• We derive over 90% of meaning from
nonverbal cues
• When verbal and nonverbal cues do
not match, we normally choose to
follow the nonverbal message.
Impact of Nonverbal Communication
on Verbal Communication
• 4 Parts of nonverbal communication:
–
–
–
–
Visual
Tactile
Vocal
Use of time, space and image
• Plays 5 Roles:
– Repetition
– Contradiction
– Substitution
– Complementing
– Accenting
Reflecting Emotion through
Nonverbal Communication
EMOTION
Pride
Approval
Nervousness
Anger
Impatience
NONVERBAL ACTIONS
Head and Body held erect
Nodding, smiling, thumbs up
Hand and body mannerisms, excessive
movement, fidgeting,
Pacing, clenched fists, glaring eyes,
rigid body posture
Tapping foot or fingers, arms crossed,
sighing, rolling eyes
Tips for Effective Nonverbal
Communication
• Become aware of nonverbal behavior.
• Be sure what you say and how you say it
send the same message.
• Test your ability with nonverbal
communication:
http://humanresources.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm
?zi=1/XJ&sdn=humanresources&zu=http%3A%2F%2Fnonve
rbal.ucsc.edu%2F
Implications in the Classroom
• Teachers should read students nonverbal
cues as to level of understanding
– Leaning forward/slouching/furrowed brow
• A smile can reinforce desired behavior.
• Students who do not know the answer will
generally avoid eye contact.
• Avoid the stereotype that if a student does
not look you in the eye, they are lying.
Verbal
Communication
What is Verbal Communication
• Verbal communication is defined as
communication through use of words.
• Ongoing process of sharing ideas, feelings, and
information.
• Verbal communication has to do with the
contents of what we are talking about,
the words that are spoken.
• Verbal Communication comes in three forms:
Formal language
Informal language
Slang
Verbal Communication
• In other words, WHAT you say is not nearly as
important as HOW you say it!
• A dull message delivered by a charismatic person,
filled with energy and enthusiasm will be accepted
as brilliant.
• An excellent message delivered by someone who is
not interested in the topic, will not engage the
enthusiasm of its intended audience
Effective Verbal Messages:
1. Are brief, and organized
2. Are free of jargon
3. Do not create resistance in
the listener
Elements of Verbal
Communication:
• Body Language
• Clarity of message
• Tone of voice
• Eye Contact
• Energy
• Attitude
• Confidence
Verbal Communication Tools
1. Paraphrasing - a brief statement reflecting
the content of the speaker's message.
2. Reflecting Feeling - a statement, in a way that
conveys understanding, of the feeling that the
listener has heard.
3. Summarizing - a statement of the main ideas
and feelings to show understanding.
4. Questioning - asking open questions to gain
information, encourage the speaker to tell her
story, and gain clarification.
Verbal Communication with
Students
• Listen to the child’s feelings and needs.
• Paraphrasing - what the student is saying. Be on the
student’s agenda, not yours.
Example:
– Student: I don't like this school as much as my old one.
People are not very nice.
– Para: You are unhappy at this school?
– Student: Yeah. I haven't made any good friends. No one
includes me.
– Para: You feel left out here?
– Student: Yeah. I wish I knew more people.
Barriers of Verbal
Communication
• Attacking (interrogating, criticizing, blaming, shaming)
Ex. You are useless, you don’t know anything!
• "You Messages" (moralizing, preaching, advising,
diagnosing)
Ex. You obviously don't realize that if you were following the same
steps we do at home you wouldn't be having this problem. You don't
seem to care about what is going on in this child's life outside of
school.
• Showing Power (ordering, threatening, commanding,
directing)
Ex. If you don’t finish the homework, you are in big trouble
•Other Verbal Barriers: shouting, name
calling, refusing to speak
TACTFUL Conversations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
T = Think before you speak
A = Apologize quickly when you blunder
C = Converse, don't compete
T = Time your comments
F = Focus on behavior - not on personality
U = Uncover hidden feelings
L = Listen for feedback
Teacher - Parent
Communication
Teacher to Parent Communication
“Building mutual trust with class parents helps provide
student with a strong foundation for learning.”
-Scholastic
• Getting Started!
• Send home welcome letter to parents. That
can include:
• Basic subjects and major goals for the year
• Materials needed for class
• How and when to contact you
• Expectations for students work and behavior
• Suggestions for ways parents can help at home
• Invited the parents to share concerns & visit class.
Other Teacher to Parent
Communication Ideas
• Start a biweekly or monthly newsletter to let
parents know what is going on in your classroom.
Students could also be involved by randomly
choosing a weekly newsletter artist.
• Contact parents at least once each grading
period.
• Organize telephone tree with parents so
everyone can be informed about upcoming events.
More Teacher to Parent
Communication Ideas
• Send home “Weekly Work” student folders with
completed work & quizzes. The teacher can also
attach a note to each parent recognizing academic
and behavior achievements.
• Make your own class web page. And even create a
parent BLOG.
• Create a parent feedback form to be sent home in
weekly work folders.
• Make interaction COUNT- Make it Positive, Make
it Personal, & Make it Practical!
Parent Involvement In
Communication
• Become involved with parent-teacher
organizations (PTO, PTA, and Booster
Clubs).
• Paying attention to school matters.
• Show concern for your child's progress.
• Give time to the school & classroom.
• Keep in close contact with teacher.
Teacher - Faculty
Communication
Teacher-Faculty Communication
• Maintain positive relationships by
following the Golden Rule.
• E-mail is a common and efficient way to
communicate.
– Be careful, written word is easy to misinterpret
– Never write an email when you are angry
• Gossiping is harmful to others and can
impact your reputation.
– A good rule of thumb: If you would not say it to the
persons face, then do not say it at all
Teacher-Faculty Communication
• Effective communication between
colleagues has many benefits:
– Integrating Curriculum
– Work together to identify students needs
– Learn from more experienced educators
• Good ideas and learn from past mistakes of others
• Be open minded and respectful of others
– Each school has many employees. You may not
know them all personally, but effective
nonverbal skills and politeness will help
make a good impression.
Teacher - Student
Communication
Teacher-Student Communication
“A fundamental question for a student
is: ‘Does my teacher like me?’
Given a rigorous, aligned curriculum, the
answer to that simple question is our
best predictor of student achievement.”
- Alice Terry, More Life Through Management
Teacher-Student Communication
The five “bee’s” in basic communication
with students…
• Be honest
• Be logical
• Be respectful
• Be loving
• Be consistent
Teacher-Student Communication
Effective feedback for students…
• Use descriptive praise
• Describe what the problem is
• Describe how you feel
• Acknowledge students’ feelings
• Point out ways the student can be helpful
• Show how the student can make amends
Teacher-Student Communication
Effective feedback for students…
• Offer choices to the student
• Be aware of your tone and volume
• Ask meaningful questions
• Check students for understanding
• Keep directions simple and clear
• Be enjoyable!
Teacher-Student Communication
Communicating without words…
• Listen
• Use appropriate wait time
- Between 3 to 7 seconds
• Be level with their height
• Maintain eye contact
• Facial Expressions
– Watch yours and read theirs
• Keep your distance
– Between 3 to 4 feet
• Avoid distracting behaviors
Teacher-Student Communication
Accommodations to meet students’ needs…
•
•
•
•
•
•
Avoid a fast pace when talking
Avoid Idioms
Use multiple titles for the same topic
Be as visual as possible
Learn the appropriate way to say all students names
Speaking louder often does not aid in comprehension
• Communicate an interest in your students
• A smile is international!
References
Clear Communication is Key to Positive Work Environment. (2006). Retrieved November 22, 2006
from the College Recruiter Website http://www.collegerecruiter.com/pages/articles/article214.php
Creating Effective Teacher – Parent Collaborations. (2006). Retrieved November 9, 2006 from the
Teaching Today website http://www.glencoe.com/sec/teachingtoday/educationupclose.phtml/5
Faber, A. & Mazlish E. (1995). How To Talk So Kids Can Learn At Home and In School. New York:
Scribner.
Heining-Boynton, A. L. (2003). Keys to Success for English Language Learners. Retrieved
November 9, 2006, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill website
http://www.learnnc.org/articles/ESL0407-1
The Importance of Effective Communication. (2006). Retrieved November 13, 2006, from the
Northeastern University website http://web.cba.neu.edu/~ewertheim/interper/commun.htm
Introduction in Nonverbal Communication. (2006). Retrieved November 6, 2006 from the Fort Hays
State University website
http://www.fhsu.edu/~zhrepic/Teaching/GenEducation/nonverbcom/nonverbcom.htm
Lemlech, J. K. (2006). Curriculum and Instructional Methods for Elementary and Middle School.
New Jersey & Ohio: Pearson – Merrill Prentice Hall.
References
Najemy, R. E. (2002). More Effective Communication with Children – Part 1. Retrieved November
9, 2006, from the Self Growth website http://selfgrowth.com/articles/Najemy7.html
Parental Involvement in School. (n.d.). Retrieved November 15, 2006 from the Helping Children
Succeed in School website http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/succeed/01-parental.html
Parent-Teacher Communication Advice from Veteran Teachers. (2006). Retrieved November 15,
2006 from the Teacher Vision website
http://www.teachervision.fen.com/teacher-training/parent-teacher-conferences/6482.html
The Power of Language: Guidelines for Effective Classroom Management. (2003). Responsive
Classroom Newsletter, 15(4), 2-4. retrieved November 9, 2006 from the Northeast Foundation
for Children website http://www.responsiveclassroom.org/newsletter/15_4NL_1.asp
Strengthening Teacher-Student Relationships. (2006). Retrieved November 9, 2006, from the
Michigan Department of Education website http://www.michigan.gov/documents/33_107241_7.pdf
Webb, K. (2006). Lesson 3: Communicating with Students. Retrieved November 9, 2006, from the
University of Nebraska – Lincoln website http://para.unl.edu/para/Communication/lesson3.html