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Nonverbal Communication
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Communication without use of
linguistic means. Linguistic means:
spoken and written language
Nonverbal includes aural and
visual communication (but nonlinguistic)
Example: Spoken words - verbal
But tone of voice - nonverbal
Nonverbal cues in relation
to verbal cues.
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repeat the verbal message.
contradict the verbal message.
substitute for the verbal message.
complement and accent the verbal
message
regulate the back and forth flow of
communication between people
Forms of Nonverbal
Communication
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Communication environment
Physical appearance
Proxemics
Body motion (kinesic behavior).
Paralanguage (nonverbal vocal cues)
Touching behavior (haptics)
Chronemics or the use of time.
Communication
environment
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Those elements that impinge on the
human relationship but are not directly a
part of it
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There are fixed and semi-fixed
features of the environment
Physical appearance
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The communicator's physical
characteristics.
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Include: body type, general
attractiveness, height, weight,
hair and skin color, clothing, etc.
Proxemics
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The study of interpersonal distance
or space
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The use of interpersonal space or
distance helps individuals regulate
intimacy by controlling sensory
exposure.
Our “territories”
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Intimate distance: touching to approx. 18
inches from another person our personal
bubble
Personal distance: 18 inches to 4 feet; a
personal zone "by personal invitation only"
Social distance: 4 to 12 feet (business
meetings and impersonal social gatherings.
Public distance ranges from 12 to 15 feet
Body motion (kinesics).
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Facial expressions (e.g., smiles) and
body movements (e.g., gestures,
posture) help us to express attitudes,
emotions, or to manage communication.
Paralanguage
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Paralanguage consists of the
nonverbal vocal cues that surround
speech behavior;
Pitch, range, rhythm, tempo, and
resonance.
Intonation
Vocalizations (e.g., laughing, crying,
sighing, whispering)
The dialect we speak.
Touching
Chronemics
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The use of time.
Two distinguishable patterns of time:
monochronic (M-time)
polychronic (P-time).