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Nonverbal Codes of Communication Types of Nonverbal Codes • • • • • • • What is the Kinesics focus of each Haptics (tactile) of these Physical Appearance nonverbal Artifacts areas? Proxemics and Personal Space Chronemics Paralanguage Categories of Movement • Emblems-substitute for words or phrases • Illustrators-accompany/reinforce verbal messages • Affect displays-show emotion • Regulators-control flow and pace of communication • Adaptors-typically private, but sometimes public, movements Categories of Space (Proxemics) Public +12ft Social 4-12ft Personal 1.5-4ft Intimate 0-1.5ft What Space Says • Males take more space than females • Distance often communicates the degree of liking between two people • Distance is often greater with strangers, authority figures, high-status people, physically-challenged people, and people of different races • Physical environment can control the space available Haptics • Essential to healthy life • Confers power and status • Often gender-related The Communication of Touching • People need to be touched • Touch is usually perceived as positive, pleasureful, and reinforcing • Touch varies between and within cultures – Females value touch more than males – Males use touch to indicate power or dominance – Males touch others more than females touch others Types of Vocal Cues (Paralanguage) • • • • • Pitch Rate Inflection Volume Quality • • • • Sounds and silence Pronunciation Articulation Enunciation What effects do these cues have? Clothes and Artifacts • Communicate age, gender, status, role, socioeconomic class, group memberships, personality, and relation to the opposite sex • Indicate time in history, time of day, and climate What do your clothes say about you? How do they differ when you are not in class? How to Use Codes • Observe, analyze, and interpret behavior • Know usual behavior to compare different behaviors – Behavior across situations – Behavior with different people