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Imperialism in China I. European trade increases British take the lead I. China (Qing Dynasty) begins a period of declining power while west increases British open more ports for trade—silks, tea, spices, porcelain British in China want British justice Opium—British grow opium in India, trade it in China A. B. C. D. 1. 2. 3. Manchu emperor orders opium trade stopped British and Chinese merchants ignore law 1838—Lin Ze Xu burned crates of foreign opium, wrote letter to Queen Victoria; British respond I. European trade increases The First Opium War 1839-1842 II. British sent warships and Chinese are easily defeated Treaty of Nanking A. B. 1. British get trading rights, new ports, payments, Hong Kong, and extraterritoriality III. The Second Opium War 1856-1860 A. Legal to import opium to China B. Wars left legacy of bitterness and mistrust between East and West II. Resistance to change Reform Movements—Taiping Rebellion I. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Sparked by poverty and government corruption Wanted to end the Qing dynasty Hong Xiuquan—believed he was related to Jesus Attacked Chinese government; wanted to create “Taiping”, or Great Peace Crushed after 14 years (1850-1864) Started a debate over change in China “Self strengthening movement” Empress Ci Xi II. A. B. C. Ruled from 1862-1908 Usually resisted change and held to Confucian ideals Later began to accept reforms III. Mistreatment of China Sino-Japanese War—1895 I. A. Japan defeats China, gains Taiwan Western nations plan to divide China B. 1. 2. 3. C. Leases on ports—Russia, Germany, Britain, France Spheres of Influence United States calls for Open Door Policy 100 Days of Reform IV. The Boxer Rebellion Boxers I. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. aka Righteous Harmonious Fists Called Boxers by Westerners who see them train Supported Empress Ci Xi and resisted change Resisted western influence Wanted to rid China of westerners Attacked and murdered westerners in China Lasted from 1899-1903 IV. The Boxer Rebellion Punishment by the West II. A. B. C. British, French, German and American troops put down the rebellion Boxers defeated, China pays for damages Nationalism grew III. Reforms A. China begins to modernize with foreign money B. Women in schools C. Industry—shipping, mining, V. Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) Yixian wanted to end the dynasty, establish a republic, and ensure economic security Western educated Established the Revolutionary Alliance Three principles of the people A. B. C. D. 1. 2. 3. E. F. Nationalism—freedom from West Democracy Livelihood After Ci Xi dies, chaos ensues Yixian is named President in 1911