Download Chapter 12 Reconstruction and its effects

Chapter 12
Reconstruction and its
effects
Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan
 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
 10% Plan
 Government would Pardon all Confederates
except high ranking officials and those accused
of war crimes
 After 10% of those on the voting polls swore
allegiance to the Union the confederate state
could re-enter the Union
Lincoln’s Plan Cont’d
 Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia
moved immediately to re-enter the Union
 Radical Republicans Thought the plan was too
moderate
 Thaddeus Stevens wanted African Americans to
be given full citizenship
Lincoln Would Not live to see the
plan put into action
John Wilkes Booth
 Southern Sympathizer
 Actor
 Assassinated Lincoln in
Ford’s theater

Andrew Johnson Takes the Reins
Lincoln’s VP
 Became President on
Lincoln’s assassination
 Wanted to continue
Lincoln’s 10% plan
 Congress had other
plans

Wade Davis Bill
 Gave the power to control reconstruction to
Congress and not the President
 Also called for a majority of the voters to declare
allegiance to the Union and not only 10 %
 Lincoln Had vetoed the wade Davis bill by
pocket veto, however when he was assassinated
they passed the bill anyway
Freedman’s Bureau Provided shelter,
food, clothing and Schools for newly
freed slaves and poor whites
Congress passed the civil rights
act of 1866
 Gave African Americans Citizenship
 Forbid the south from passing discriminatory
laws such as “Black Codes”
 Black Codes restored the institute of slavery in
south
 A result of this act was the passing of the
fourteenth Amendment
14th Amendment
“ All citizens are
provided equal
protection of the law
under the constitution
of the United States”
Major Reconstruction Acts
Legislation
Provisions
Freedman’s Bureau Acts (18651866)
Offered assistance, such as medical and education
to freed slaves and poor whites
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Granted Citizenship and equal protection under the
law
Protection of citizens under the constitution
Fourteenth Amendment 1866
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Abolished governments formed in Confederate
states, and divided those states into military zones
Fifteenth Amendment 1870
Voting rights for All males over the age of 21
Enforcement Act of 1870
Protecting the voting rights of African Americans
Military Districts in South
Johnson Impeachment
Andrew Johnson Violated the
Tenure of Office act and Congress
tried to have him Impeached
Election of 1868

Ulysses S. Grant
becomes the 17th
President of the United
States
15th Amendment
 All males over the age of 21 have the right to
vote regardless of previous condition of
servitude
South in Disarray
 Physical devastation
 Economy destroyed because of confederate
money
 Battle fields needed to be cleaned up to stop
spread of disease
 Public works programs
Two groups of people began to
form in the south
Carpetbaggers
Scalawags
Problems faced by the
government for the newly freed
slaves
Slaves were unsure what to do
with their new freedoms
 Allowed to travel without a pass
 Had no tools to work
 No land to farm
 No money to buy these things
Reunification of slave families
 Families were often sold separately
 Finding families difficult task
 One man walked 600 miles from Georgia to
North Carolina to find his wife and children
 Freedman’s bureau helped families reunify
 Ex-slaves were now allowed to marry
Education
Slaves must be taught to
read and write
 80% of freed slaves over
the age of 20 were
illiterate
 1877 600,000 blacks
were enrolled in
elementary school

Religion
Slaves were very
spiritual
 Churches had to be
established for religious
services
 Baptist and Methodists

Politics
Hiram Revels was first
Black Senator
 Local And state
governments began to
see black involvement

Southern agriculture begins to
evolve to a share cropper system
40 acres and a mule
Southern Homestead Act
Cycle of poverty
Sharecroppers small plot
of land and seed from the
landowners
Sharecroppers use their
Money to pay off debts
Sharecroppers sell what
Crop is left over for money
A few sharecroppers
Make enough money
To become tenant
farmers
Sharecroppers give a portion
Of harvest to landowner
Sharecroppers
Buy supplies
On credit
They plant crops
Reconstruction collapses
Violence (KKK)
 Economic
pressure
 Legislative
pressure
 Political power
shifts

Economic Turmoil
Panic of 1873
Currency debate – whether to
return the American currency
system back to the gold
standard
Civil Rights setbacks in the Supreme Court
Date
1873
Decision’s
Slaughterhouse
cases
1876
U.S. vs. Cruikshank
1876
U. S. vs. Reece
Ruling
Civil rights were ruled to state, rather than
federal rights, therefore unprotected by the
fourteenth amendment
The fourteenth amendment did not grant the
federal government the right to punish
whites who oppressed blacks
The fifteenth amendment was determined
not to grant voting rights to anyone, but
rather to restrict types of voter
discrimination
Redemption
 Southern Democrats wanted to redeem the
south
 Wanted to take back over control
 Wanted to oust the Republicans out of southern
states
Compromise of 1877
 Southern Democrats wanted three things
Withdrawal of federal troops in Louisiana and South
Carolina
Wanted federal money to build a railroad from Texas
to the west coast to enhance trade
Wanted a conservative southerner appointed to the
cabinet
Allowed the Southern Democrats to have “Home
Rule” which is what they were after
Legacy of Reconstruction
 Failure
Voter discrimination not
prohibited
No land reform
Racial Bias became a
National not a regional
problem
Supreme court
undermined the 14th and
15th Amendments
 Success
Blacks participated in
government
State Government began
solving social problems
Churches, Families, and
Schools
Break up of plantation
14th and 15th
Amendments were
passed