Download Test review - TeacherWeb

Anatomy and Physiology
• What is Anatomy? – study of structure
(Greek – “a cutting up”)
• What is Physiology? – study of function
(Greek – “relationship to nature”)
“Structure dictates function.”
1
• Which organ system receives information from sense
organs and stimulates muscles and glands to contract or
secrete products?
• Nervous system
• Which system breaks food down into simpler forms that
can be absorbed?
• Digestive system
• Which organ system produces the gametes?
• Reproductive system
2
• Which organ system helps transport fluid back to the
circulatory system and helps defend the body against
infection?
• Lymphatic system
• Which system transports gasses, nutrients hormones and
waste throughout the body?
• Cardiovascular system
• Which system is made up of glands that secrete hormones?
• Endocrine system
3
Which system exchanges gases between air and the blood?
Respiratory system
Which organ system filters the blood to remove waste and
excess fluid and transports it outside the body?
Urinary system
4
• Which organ system covers the body?
• Integumentary system
• Which system moves the body and generates most of the
body heat?
• Muscular system
• Which system provides a supportive and protective
framework for soft tissue and makes blood cells?
• Skeletal system
5
• What is homeostasis?
• Maintenance of a stable internal environment.
• Homeostasis is regulated through control systems,
(homeostatic mechanisms), that typically have three parts.
What are the three parts and what do they do?
• 1)Receptors that sense the stimulus and send the information
to the
• 2)control center (that has the set point), which then sends an
impulse to
• 3)effectors (a gland or muscle) which elicit a response to
correct the stimulus back to the set point.
6
• In a homeostatic mechanism, which type of feedback
corrects back to a set point to maintain stability?
• Negative feedback
• What are some examples?
• Body temperature, blood glucose level, blood pressure
7
• In a homeostatic mechanism, which type of feedback
increases an action within the body with the effect of
increasing instability ?
• Positive feedback
• What are two examples?
• Blood clotting and childbirth.
8
• What are the four main body cavities?
• Cranial cavity, vertebral canal, thoracic cavity,
abdominopelvic cavity
• What are the divisions of the thoracic cavity?
• Left and right pleural cavity and the pericardial cavity
(potential space between the two membranes surrounding the
heart)
9
Two words for naming each
membrane:
• _______________
• 1) Visceral – covers an
organ
• 2) Parietal – covers the
walls of a cavity
[Heart has 2 membranes:
Inner membrane – surface
of heart = visceral
Outer membrane =
parietal]
• _________________
• 1) pleura – thoracic
cavity
• 2) peritoneum –
abdominopelvic cavity
• 3) pericardium - heart
Name the following…
•
•
•
•
•
The membrane lining the walls of the Thoracic cavity
Parietal pleura
The membrane covering the lungs
Visceral pleura
The membrane lining the walls of the abdominopelvic
cavity
• Parietal peritoneum
11
• Name the membrane covering the organs in the abdominopelvic
cavity
• Visceral peritoneum
• The outer membrane surrounding the heart
• Parietal pericardium
• The inner membrane surrounding the heart
• Visceral pericardium
12
Describe the Anatomical Position
– Standing erect, facing forward,
upper limbs at the sides, palms
facing forward and thumbs out
13
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The nose is__________ to the ear.
Medial
The knee is _______ to the ankle.
Proximal
The neck is ________ to the head.
Inferior
The chest is _________ to the back.
Anterior
14
•
•
•
•
•
•
The skin is ________ to the muscle.
Superficial
The left leg is __________ to the left arm
Ipsilaterial
The left ear is __________ to the right cheek
Contralateral
15
Body Sections
• Which type of section divides the body into
superior and inferior parts?
• Transverse section
• Which type of section divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts?
• Frontal (coronal) section
• Which type of section divides the body into left
and right parts?
• Sagittal section
16
Sections of a Structure
• Which type of section cuts the structure at a right
angle to the long axis?
• Cross section
• At an angle other than a right angle to the long
axis?
• Oblique section
• Down the long axis of the structure?
• Longitudinal secton
17
18
To what body region does each term refer?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Otic
Ear
Cervical
Neck
Acromial
Point of the shoulder
Axillary
Armpit
19
To what body region does each term refer?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Brachial
Arm
Palmar
Palm of hands
Sternal
Sternum (Center of chest)
20
To what body region does each term refer?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Antebrachial
Forearm
Cubital
Elbow
Antecubital
Front of elbow
Carpal
Wrist
21
To what body region does each term refer?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Frontal
Forehead (front of head)
Orbital
Eye cavity
Buccal
Cheek
Mental
Chin
22
To what body region does each term refer?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Patellar
Front of knee
Popliteal
Back of knee
Tarsal
Instep (ankle)
23
To what body region does each term refer?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pedal
Foot
Cephalic
Top of the head
Pectoral
Chest
24
To what body region does each term refer?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Umbilical
Navel
Inguinal
Groin
Coxal
Hip
Crural
Anterior lower leg
25
Name the body region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ear
Otic
Groin
Inguinal
Finger or toe
Digit (Digital)
Between the hips
Sacral
26
Name the body region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
External reproductive organs
Genital
Groin
Inguinal
Eye cavity
Orbital
Nose
Nasal
27
Name the body region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Top of the Head
Cephalic
Lower back
Lumbar
Back of knee
Popliteal
Anterior aspect of Knee
Patellar
28
Name the body region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Navel
Umbilical
Buttocks
Gluteal
Sole of the foot
Plantar
Palm of the hand
Palmar
29
Name the body region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cheek
Buccal
Mouth
Oral
Neck
Cervical
Forehead
Frontal
30
Name the body region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Arm
Brachial
Forearm
Antebrachial
Elbow
Cubital
Front of the elbow
Antecubital
31
Name the body region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lower back
Lumbar
Spinal column
Vertebral
Foot
Pedal
Center of chest
Sternal
32
Name the body region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Armpit
Axillary
Breast
Mammary
Chest
Pectoral
Point of the shoulder
Acromial
33
Name the body region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Thigh
Femoral
Hip
Coxal
Wrist
Carpal
Instep (right below ankle)
Tarsal
34
Name the body region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Back of the head
Occipital
Abomen
Abdominal
Area between the rectum and genitals
Perineal
Chin
Mental
35