Download Respiratory system

Respiratory system
Functions
1. Moves oxygen from the outside
environment into the body.
2. Removes carbon dioxide and water from
the body
Why we need oxygen?
• The chemical reactions that produces energy
inside the cells require oxygen.
Oxygen and Glucose are transported to the
cells by the Circulatory system to produce
energy
What is respiration?
• The process in which oxygen and glucose
undergo a complex series of chemical
reactions to release the energy.
• It produces carbon dioxide and water.
WHY WE NEED O2
What is Breathing?
• Is the process in which air flows into and
out of the lungs
How do you breathe?
• The brain is in control
• Internal stimuli indicates how much O2
your body needs.
The process of breathing
• Muscle of breathing:
diaphragm
• A large dome shaped
muscle at the base of
your lungs.
• When you
– inhale or breath in the
diaphragm moves
downward
– Exhale or breath out
the diaphragm relax
How does the air travel and get
into your body?
• The air travels from the outside
environment to the lungs:
• Nose or Mouth
• Pharynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Blood Stream
Pharynx
• The air moves from
the nose into the
throat
• The food from the
mouth moves to the
throat because is part
of the digestive
system
Nose
• Two openings or nostrils,
separated by a thin wall.
• The lining of the nose is
coated with cilia and
mucus.
• Trap particles and warm
and moisten the air.
Why?
trachea
• The wall of the
trachea is made of
cartilage rings.
• Why?
• Trachea wall is lined
with cilia and mucus
• Epiglottis prevents the
food to come inside
the lungs
Bronchial tube
Large tubular structures
within the lungs. These
carry air into the lungs from
the trachea. They branch
into smaller
tubes called bronchioles
Bronchiole
• The first airway
branches that no
longer contain
cartilage. They lead to
the alveoli.
Alveolus
• Tiny sacs of lung tissue
whose structure
specializes in exchanging
gases (CO2 and
O2)between the air and the
blood
• The alveolus are
surrounded by capillaries.
• The blood coming
from the heart to the
lungs is carrying a lot
of Carbon dioxide and
little Oxygen.
• Inside the alveoli the
hemoglobin in your
red blood cells
attaches the Oxygen
and at the same time
is getting rid of the
CO2
O and CO2
exchange
Larynx
• Also called the voice
box
• An organ in mammals
involved in protection
of the trachea and
sound production
Vocal cords
• Folds of connective tissue that produce
your voice
• Are stretched across the opening of the
larynx. Vibrate to produce sound.
Lungs
• Inside the lungs, each
bronchus divides into
smaller and smaller
tubes
Diaphragm
• it contracts, it pushes
downward and spreads
out, increasing the
vertical dimension of the
chest cavity and driving
up abdominal pressure
• dome-shaped
sheet of muscle
that inserts into
the lower ribs.
Pleura
• A membrane which
folds back upon itself
to form a two-layered,
membrane structure
that surrounds the
lungs.
Breathing and Homeostasis
ATP
• Homeostasis
– keeping the internal environment of the
body balanced
– need to balance O2 in and CO2 out
– need to balance energy (ATP) production
• Exercise
– breathe faster
O2
• need more ATP
• bring in more O2 & remove more CO2
• Disease
– poor lung or heart function = breathe faster
• need to work harder to bring in O2 & remove CO2
CO2
Respiratory system conditions
• Asthma
•
•
•
•
•
•
interactive system
Tutorial
label the parts
Lungs
Respiratory rap
Respiratory system song music with the
students to sing along
Optimizing gas exchange
• Why high surface area?
– maximizing rate of gas exchange
– CO2 & O2 move across cell membrane by
diffusion
• rate of diffusion proportional to surface area
• Why moist membranes?
– moisture maintains cell membrane structure
– gases diffuse only dissolved in water
High surface area?
High surface area!
Where have we heard that before?
Gas exchange in many forms…
one-celled
amphibians
echinoderms
insects
fish
mammals
cilia
size
•
water vs. land
•
endotherm vs. ectotherm
Evolution of gas exchange
structures
Aquatic organisms
external systems with lots of
surface area exposed to
aquatic environment
Terrestrial
moist internal respiratory tissues
with lots of surface area
Gas Exchange in Water: Gills
Counter current exchange
system
• Water carrying gas flows in one direction,
blood flows in opposite direction
Why does it work
counter current?
Adaptation!
just keep
swimming….