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Chapter 4 Section 1 The Respiratory System Notes 2 Functions: 1. Takes in oxygen 2. Removes CO2 and H2O 1. Taking in O2 -Your body needs oxygen for cellular respiration -Cellular respiration= the process by which your cells create energy by burning glucose -In our air: -78% nitrogen -21% oxygen -<1% CO2 2. Removes CO2 and H2O =Waste products from cellular respiration PATH of AIR 1. Nose/Nostrils -Nasal cavities lined with mucus and cilia 2. Pharynx (throat) -Shared by respiratory system and digestive system -Epiglottis = flap of tissue that protects the base of pharynx 3. Larynx (voice box) 4. Trachea (windpipe) -Made of cartilage -Lined with cilia and mucus 5. Bronchi and Lungs -Bronchi branch into two lungs -Continue to split into smaller branches called bronchioles -Alveoli = at the end of the bronchi -Tiny sacs of lung tissue surrounded by capillaries -O2 gas is exchanged with CO2 and H2O -Lungs contains 300 million alveoli (750 ft2) -The lungs are covered with a very thin membrane called the pleura -The lungs are housed in the thoracic cavity that is bound by a layer of muscle on the bottom called the diaphragm. Diseases Asthma = bronchial spasm resulting in decreased air movement and air trapped in alveoli Bronchitis = inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes Pneumonia = infection of lungs caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi