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HOMEWORK: CASTLE LEARNING
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (due fri.)
TEXTBOOK PGS. 594 Q’S 1-5 p.606 1-2
Do Now:
Write a brief description that explain how
this cartoon relates to respiration.
Function of the respiratory system
Gas Exchange
Gas exchange
Exchange of respiratory gases
(oxygen and carbon dioxide)
between an organism and the
environment
Molecules of
oxygen and carbon
dioxide are
passively
exchanged,
by diffusion
External respiration The
exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between
the environment and
respiratory organs such
as gills or lungs.
Internal respiration
The metabolic process
by which living cells
absorb oxygen and
release carbon dioxide
Which substance is needed for
aerobic cellular respiration to
occur?
1.
2.
3.
4.
oxygen
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
methane
SUMMARY
• DEFINE Gas exchange
• EXPLAIN the difference between internal
and external respiration
Aim: How do the structures of the
respiratory system assist in the
breathing process?
DO NOW:
HOMEWORK:
CASTLE
LEARNING
Which statement best describes
the human
respiratory
system? “ Respiration”
1. It is composed of a network of moist passageways that
2.
3.
4.
permit air to flow from the external environment to the
lungs.
Each cell of the human body is in direct contact with the
external environment, and gas exchange occurs by
diffusion
The external body surface is kept moist to allow for gas
exchange.
Gases diffuse across membranes on both the external
and internal surfaces of the body.
Path of air through the respiratory
system
1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Alveoli List does not represent all repsiratory system organs
Respiratory surfaces
• Surface through
which gases diffuse
• 4 characteristics:
– Thin
– Moist
– In contact with
source of oxygen
– In contact with a
transport system
Gills of dogfish shark
Nose
Contains nostrils: opening to
the nasal passages
nasal passages: lined with a
mucus membrane with cilia
Pharynx
•Throat
•Cavity in
back of
mouth
•Contains the
epiglottis
Epiglottis
Epiglottis
•Flap of elastic cartilage tissue
•Covers trachea when swallowing
food or liquids to prevent from
choking
Larynx
•Voice box
•Upper part of
the windpipe
containing
sound
producing vocal
cords
Larynx
Trachea
•Windpipe
•Supported by rings
of cartilage
•Lined with ciliated
mucous membrane
•Branches into 2
Bronchi
Bronchi
BRONCHI
•Two main branches of
trachea which
enter lungs
BRONCHI
•Lined with cartilage and
ciliated
•Branch into smaller
BRONCHIOLES
SUMMARY
The human trachea is a passageway that
remains open due to the presence of
1.
2.
3.
4.
bones
ligaments
skeletal muscles
cartilaginous rings
Choking on food is most likely
caused by an interference with the
proper functioning of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
diaphragm
nasal cavity
bronchial tubes
epiglottis
Aim: How do the structures of the
respiratory system assist in the
breathing process? “Day 2”
Do Now:
The human trachea is a passageway that remains
open due to the presence of
1. bones
2. ligaments
3. skeletal muscles
4. cartilaginous rings
Deposits from cigarette smoke are most likely to
interfere with the ciliated mucous membranes
located in both the
1. trachea and esophagus
2. alveoli and liver
3. nasal cavity and trachea
4. epiglottis and esophagus
Bronchioles
Bronchioles
• Smallest air tubes which end at
the alveoli
• first airway branches that no
longer contain cartilage
• They are smaller than one
millimeter in diameter
• Control of airflow resistance
and air distribution in the lungs
is controlled by the bronchioles
Alveoli (Air sacs)
• Site of respiratory gas exchange
• Surrounded by capillaries Microscopic blood vessels
• Made of very thin membranes
• Moist surface
Alveoli
1.
Alveoli fill up
with O2
2. O2 diffuses into
the capillaries out
of alveoli (into
blood)
3. CO2 and H2O
vapor diffuses out
of capillaries (into
alveoli)
Diaphragm
•Sheet of muscle
underneath the lungs
•Aids in breathing
•Inhalation air
traveling into the
lungs
Breathing
•Exhalation air being
pushed out of the
lungs
•Involves both the
diaphragm and rib
cage muscles
Inhalation
Demo
•Diaphragm contracts and
moves down
•Rib cage expands
•pressure decreases  air
rushes in
Exhalation
•Diaphragm relaxes and
moves up
•Rib cage contracts and
comes in
•pressure increases  air is
forced out of the lungs
Summary
nose
mouth
larynx
pharynx
Trachea
Label the
diagram
lung
Bronchi
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
Alveoli
The human trachea is prevented
from collapsing by the presence of
1.
2.
3.
4.
mucous membranes
cartilaginous rings
muscle fibers
bony networks
Choking on food is most likely
caused by an interference with the
proper functioning of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
diaphragm
nasal cavity
bronchial tubes
epiglottis
Diagrams A and B represent
structures found in the human
body. Diagram B represents the
functional unit of which structure
represented in diagram A?
1.
2.
3.
4.
structure 1
structure 2
structure 3
structure 4
How do the structures of the
respiratory system assist in the
breathing process?