Download Unit 12: Transport and Immunity

Unit 12: Transport and
Immunity
Absorption, circulation, and
protection
A. Adaptations for Transport
- Transport is the life process in which substances are
_____________ of cells or are _____________________
- In complex organisms a ________________ is to move
material to and from the cells
1. Transport in Protists
- no circulatory system needed – single celled and small
organisms
- cells are ______________________________________
- use __________ and ____________________
- _____________ inside the cell - _________________
______________
_______________
2. Transport in Hydra
- no circulatory system
- two cell layers – _______________________________
Endoderm has _____________________________
- use ________ and ____________ to move materials then
cyclosis inside the cells
- movement of tentacles also helps to circulate water
What happens to the
digested materials in
the gastrovascular
cavity?
What about the
undigested materials?
What is the link
between nutrition and
transport?
3. Transport in the Earthworm
- has _________________________ with organs (groups of
specialized tissues and cells)
- has a _____________, system of _______________, and a
means to __________________________
- most of the Earthworm is ______________________
____________________
a) ____________
- carries dissolved __________________________________
______________________________________
- Earthworm blood is ___  has ______________________
b) ________________
- “_________” near the front of the earthworm
- beat to help ____________________
- connect _____________________________________
c) _________________________
- runs along the ___________ of the digestive tube
- divides into ___________________
- ________ – __________________________ site where
_____________________________ between the body
cells and blood
d) _______________________
- runs along the _____ of the
digestive tube
- ________ to help push blood
- ________________________
- formed from _____________
________________________
e) _________________________
- blood is always _____________________________ inside
the body
- blood __________________
4. Transport in the Grasshopper
a) _________________________
- blood is ____________________________
- blood flows ___________________________________
___________________________
b) ______________
- colorless – _______________________
- ___________________________________
- used to transport ____________________________
c) _________________
- _________________
- pumps blood out the ______________
- blood is also moved by _______________________
- _________ – stop the ________________________
d) ______________
- blood vessel that ______________________________
- blood flows out of the aorta ______________________
spaces and finally _______________________________
B. Human Circulatory System
1. _______________
- blood contains both dissolved substances and specialized
cells
- humans have ~ 5 L of blood
- Blood is composed of 4 different parts
a) ______________________________________________
- most numerous cell in the body
- __________________
- ____________ = _______ on RBC used to ___________
________________________
- made in _______________ – on the end of long bones
- mature red blood cells do not have nuclei become filled
with hemoglobin
- live for ~ 120 days
- destroyed by liver
and spleen
b) _________________________________________
- ________________________________________
- made in red bone marrow and lymph nodes
- attack _________________ and organisms cancer cells,
transplants, allergens, virus, bacteria
- ______ in number when the body is ________________
c) ___________________
- cell fragments  made in bone marrow
- involved in __________  combine with blood proteins to
stop bleeding
d) ___________________
- yellow _______________ of blood  makes up 55% of
blood
- 90% water
- 10% dissolved _____, _____, _____________________
________________, _______, ________, ___________
_______________, and ___________________
2. Blood Vessels
a) ____________
- thick walled large muscular blood vessels
smooth muscle – like digestive system
- carry blood __________________________
- generally carry _______________________
except for the __________________ – deoxygenated
- under large amounts of _________________
- feel the __________________
- _________ = largest artery
b) _______________
- thinner and less muscle than arteries
- carry blood __________________________
- generally carry ____________________________
except for ____________________ - oxygenated
- contain one way _____ to keep blood flowing in one
direction
- blood flow is helped by skeletal muscle
Valve Animation
c) _________________
- site where ______________________________________
__________________________
- _______________________________________________
- blood passes through 1 cell at a time – single file
3. _________________
a) Structure
- _________ organ with thick muscular walls
- myocardium - muscle = _____________________
* specialized muscle tissue
Make a fist demo
- the heart is divided into _____________________
* ____________ = upper chamber (left and right)
* ____________ = lower chamber (left and right)
pumps blood out of the heart
- divided into the _____
and ______ sides by the
_________
prevent the mixing of
blood
right side –
_________________
left side – _________
_______________
b) Blood Flow Through the Heart
- acts as _________________
- 1 pump - right side – ___________________ pumps to the
lungs
- other pump – left side –
______________ pumps
to the body
- Atria  Valve 
Ventricle  Artery
right side - tricuspid valve
left side - bicuspid valve
c) Blood Circulation
- _____________________
- circulation to the lungs
________________________
________________________
____________  ___________
- Systemic Circulation
- circulation to the body renal,
hepatic, neural, etc.
oxygen leaves the blood,
carbon dioxide enters
___________  ____________
Blood returns to the heart through the
__________  _____________  _______________ 
_____________  _____________ 
_____________ _____________ _____________– the
_____________ _____________ 
_____________  ____________ ___________ ____
_____________  _____________  _____________ 
_____________ _____________ _____________ – the
_____________ _____________ 
_____________  _____________– to do it all again!
Heart  Lungs  Heart  Body
it takes ~7 minutes for a red blood cell to complete the trip
d) Heart Rate / Heartbeat
- heart has its own “pace maker” – bundle of nerves to
control and time the rhythm of the beats
- sinoatrial node (SA) – causes atria to beat first
- artioventricular node (AV) – cause ventricle to beat
second two beats more efficient
- need for oxygen changes heart rate
e) Blood Pressure
- because it is a _____________________ – there is a force
exerted on the heart and arteries
- sphygmomanometer – measures blood pressure
normal: _____________
120 – ___________ = pressure of ___________________
80 – ____________ = pressure when heart is __________
4. Disorders of the Circulatory System
a) ____________ – fatty deposits build
up on the artery walls
- _________________, make arteries
less ________
- causes majority of circulatory system
diseases
b) _____________________________
- “silent killer” - a narrowing of the
arteries and/or more __________ to the blood
- Damages the __________________________ to pump
Blood, could also cause your arteries to rupture –
Increases the risk of _____________________
- Causes: _________________, poor diet, ___________,
smoking, ________, _______, obesity, stress, aging, not
enough exercise
- Treatment / cure: medication, diet, lifestyle
c) ___________________________________
- blockage in the _______________ (arteries that bring blood
to the heart muscle)
- heart muscle begins to ______________
- symptoms: nausea, shortness of breath, chest pain, intense
pressure
- Treatment – clot dissolving drugs, ____________________
d) _________________
- blood clots break free and get stuck in a blood vessel in
the brain
- causes brain cells ____________________
- _________________ – depends where it happens
e) _________________
- blood lacks ability to
carry _____________
- not enough ________