Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Virus quantification wikipedia , lookup
Traveler's diarrhea wikipedia , lookup
Antibiotics wikipedia , lookup
Disinfectant wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial cell structure wikipedia , lookup
Plant virus wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial morphological plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Introduction to viruses wikipedia , lookup
History of virology wikipedia , lookup
Molecular mimicry wikipedia , lookup
Antigens vs. Antibodies Brian Keh, Towaki Dojima, Jeff Gallardo, Julio Villafuerte Introductory • Distinguish between antigens and antibodies • Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses. Antigens • Refers to any chemical that can stimulate a specific immune response • Protein based molecule on the cell walls and cell membranes • Allows for cell communication • Cells of the same kind have same antigens • Cells of different kinds have different antigens • Viruses don’t have antigens Antibodies • A protein molecule that binds specifically to antigens • Also called immunoglobulin • Made by B-cells (type of white blood cells) • Each human have around 108 different types of B-cells. Each antibodies make slightly different antibodies Antibodies • By antibodies binding to antigens – Make pathogens weaker/recognizable so they are more ready to be engulfed by phagocytes – Makes the host cell taken over by viruses weaker/more recognizable Antibodies • Antibodies are Y shaped Video Clips • Video link showing and explaining the action of antibodies: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ys_V6FcYD5I • Video link showing the action of antibodies, no explanation: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrYlZJiuf18&NR=1&fe ature=fvwp Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses. Bacteria • A type of pathogen • Has antigens • Does not need a host cell to reproduce Virus • A type of pathogen • Does not have antigens • Needs a host cell to reproduce Antibiotics • Artificially manufactured antibodies. • Antibiotics cure disease by weakening bacteria – Occurs through the same methods that antibodies work on antigens. • Although antibiotics are useful in a wide variety of infections, it is important to realize that antibiotics only treat bacterial infections. Why don’t antibiotics work on viruses? • Viruses have different metabolic pathways to bacteria – so antibiotic drugs have nothing to target – Viruses also do not have antigens which are needed for the antibodies to work. • Viruses have different structures, e.g. protein coat instead of cell wall • Viruses are protected by the host cell structure • Viruses use host cell metabolism Bibliography • http://www.slideshare.net/gurustip/defenseagainst-infectious-disease-core-presentation • http://www.emedicinehealth.com/antibiotics/ page5_em.htm