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Chapter 31 Immune System & Disease In the 1850’s Pasteur proposed the Germ Theory Specific microorganisms cause disease Types of pathogens that cause disease. Bacteria Viruses Fungi- occur in warm damp areas Protozoa Parasites How are Bacteria and Viruses Different? Bacteria The Prokaryotes •Reproduce by Binary Fission •Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Helpful Bacteria in Nature Decomposers Nitrogen cycle Industry Food- yogurt! Harmful Bacteria Cause disease by Releasing toxins into the body Directly break down tissue of organism for food Viruses Latin for Poison • Not living •Require a host cell to reproduce!! •Consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat Viral Infection Virus enters host cell Host cell produce viral DNA Host cell bursts Retroviruses Viruses that have RNA as their genetic material HIV leads to AID’s HIV kills our Helper T cells Common Viruses Flu Chicken Pox Warts Mono Rabies Treatment Bacteria Antibiotics Viruse s Vaccination Vaccination Immunity from vaccination can be temporary or permanent How our Bodies defend against pathogenic organisms Nonspecific vs. specific defenses Nonspecific Defense Skin- the most important! Oil and sweat create an acidic environment Mucus, saliva, sweat, tears, contain lysosomes that break down bacterial cell walls Inflammatory responsefever and swelling Types of Immunity Active Body mounts an active response to the pathogen The development of antibodies in response to stimulation by an antigen Produced by vaccination or getting the disease Passive Temporary immunity A mother provides passive immunity to her baby in her uterus and after birth by breastfeeding Specific Defense The Antibody Antigen Reaction An antigen triggers an immune system response Antigens are specific for each pathogen Lymphocytes produce antibodies. Once formed the antibodies are held in memory B cells (lymphocytes) so that the body has permanent immunity to that disease • Antibodies help kill the intruder by: 1. Binding to antigens on surface of microbes 2. Clustering antigens together
