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31.2 Immune System KEY CONCEPT The immune system is a body system that fights infection and prevents illness. 31.2 Immune System Many body systems protect you from pathogens. • Many other tissues and systems help the immune system. – Skin: Physically block pathogens from entering the body. – Mucous membranes: Found in the nose and throat; Traps particles before they enter. – The circulatory system: Transports cells of the immune system. 31.2 Immune System Cells and proteins fight the body’s infections. • White blood cells attack infections inside the body. – Phagocytes: Cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens. – T cells: Destroys infected body cells. – B cells: Produces antibodies. 31.2 Immune System • Three types of proteins fight off invading pathogens. – Complement proteins weaken pathogen membranes. – Antibodies: Protein that causes pathogens to clump or become ineffective. – Interferon: Proteins that stop viruses from reproducing. antibody pathogens 31.2 Immune System Immunity prevents a person from getting sick from a pathogen. • In all immunity, pathogens are destroyed before you get sick. • Passive immunity occurs without an immune response. Passed through: – mother’s milk – genetics • Active immunity is gained after the body undergoes a specific immune response. 31.2 Immune System BOTH • Prevent future illness if the body becomes infected! • Lytic Infection is an infection pathway in which the host cell bursts, releasing the new viral offspring into the host’s system, where each then infects another cell. • In a Lysogenic infection, a phage combines its DNA into the hosts cell’s DNA.