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Skeletal, Muscular and Immune
Systems Review
The process in which provides the
movement of the body or body parts
from 1 place to another is know as
Locomotion
_________________.
Describe some functions of the
skeletal system.
Movement
Protects organs and tissues
Produces blood cells
Gives body shape and support
Stores calcium and phosphorus
Identify the two types of bone marrow and
the function of each type.
• Yellow marrow and red marrow.
• Yellow marrow is made up of fat cells.
• Red marrow produces blood cells.
Identify the type of muscle observed in each picture.
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth
muscle
Identify the muscle type described.
1. Attached to bones. Skeletal
2. Involuntary and striated. Cardiac
3. Lines the digestive tract and blood vessels.
Smooth
4. Voluntary. Skeletal
5. Only found in the heart. Cardiac
6. Not striated and involuntary. Smooth
7. Branched fibers. Cardiac
Identify the structure being described.
1. Thick layer of tissue that covers the ends of bones.Cartilage
2. Thick bands of tissue that attach muscles to bones.Tendons
3. Any place where 2 bones meet. Joint
4. A tissue that contracts. Muscle
5. Part of the bone that produces blood cells. Red marrow
6. Gives the body shape. Skeleton
7. Bones that protect the spinal cord. Vertebrae
8. One of the minerals that keeps bones strong. Calcium or
phosphorus
9. Bones that protect your lungs. Rib cage
10. One of the strongest bones in your body, the
thigh bone. Femur
11. Breast bone that helps protect the heart. Sternum
Identify the structure being described.
1. Tough bands of tissue that holds bones together.Ligaments
2. Upper arm bone also known as the funny bone. Humerus
3. Involuntary muscles of the digestive system. Smooth
muscle
4. Part of the bone that stores fat. Yellow marrow
5. Involuntary muscles of the heart. Cardiac muscle
6. Gland that regulates calcium metabolism. Parathyroids
7. Also known as voluntary muscles. Skeletal
8. Gland that stimulates the elongation of bones. Pituitary
9. Also known as the collar bone. Clavicle
10. Bones that protect the brain. Cranium
Identify each structure in the diagram and describe its
function. .
A – Skeletal muscle
•Attach to bone to aid
in movement
B - Ligament
•Connect bone to bone
C - Tendon
•Connect muscle to bone
The tissue that cushions the
vertebrae and provides
flexibility to joints is known as
cartilage
_______.
Which statement describes ligaments?
1. They are made of cartilage and cushion the
vertebrae.
2. They are made of tough, elastic tissue and
join bones.
3. They are made of tough, inelastic tissue and
connect muscles.
4. They are striped and controlled by the
nervous system.
Which of the following actions
requires the muscular and skeletal
systems to work together?
1. breaking down food into usable
pieces
2. division of cells
3. eliminating waste
4. running from a predator
What is a function of bones?
1. It serves as a site for the synthesis of
hormones.
2. It supports and protects body structures.
3. It contracts to aid in locomotion.
4. It provides vitamins during periods of
physical stress.
Cranium
Clavicle
Sternum
Rib cage
Humerus
Spinal column
(vertebrae)
Pelvic bone
Femur
Patella
Explain how wbc’s can protect the
body against disease.
Wbc’s produce antibodies and
memory cells when a pathogen
(antigen) enter the body.
Describe the difference between active
and passive immunity.
Active immunity is long-term while passive immunity
is temporary.
Active immunity results from the body producing
antibodies and memory cells. Passive immunity
results from the individual receiving antibodies.
Give an example of a process that
brings about ACTIVE immunity.
Person can come into contact with
the pathogen (get sick).
A person can get a vaccine.
1. What is bacteria an
example of?
Pathogen
2. Identify the structures
labeled X in the
diagram. Support your
answer.
Antibodies.
They are proteins found
on the surface of
pathogens.
X
3. Describe what occurs
when this pathogen
enters the body.
An immune response.
Antibodies and memory
cells are produced.
Antibodies bind to the
antigen to help destroy
the pathogen.
Memory cells remain in
the blood to produce
antibodies if exposed to
the SAME pathogen.
X
Give an example a method that
brings about PASSIVE immunity.
Babies receive mother’s antibodies
when developing in the uterus when
mom is pregnant.
Babies receive mother’s antibodies
from breast milk.
Adults can receive antibodies orally
or by injection.
What substances are formed by
the human body in response to
foreign proteins entering the
body?
Antibodies and memory cells
An individual who has had
chicken pox rarely gets this
disease again. What type of
immunity is represented?
Active Immunity
Explain the contents of a
vaccine.
Dead or weak PATHOGEN
How does a measles vaccine protect
a child entering school against the
measles?
Vaccine is injected.
The body produces antibodies and
memory cells.
Antibodies attach to antigens on the
pathogen to help kill the pathogen.
Memory cells remain in your blood to
“remember” the pathogen.
Which type of immunity is when your
body makes the antibodies and memory
cells after recovering from a disease or
getting a vaccination?
Active Immunity
The immune system of humans may
respond to chemicals on the surface of
an invading organism.
What are these chemicals on the surface
called? Explain what will happen once
these chemicals enter the body.
Antigens
The body will produce anibodies and
memory cells.
Which substances may form in the
human body due to invaders
entering the blood?
Anibodies and memory cells.
1. What is an allergy?
An oversensitivity to a HARMLESS
substance. Ex: pollen, dust, peanuts,
animal dander
2. What occurs when someone
experiences an allergic reaction?
The body produces chemicals called
HISTAMINES.
1. What pathogen causes AIDS?
HIV (which is a virus)
2. What is the effect of AIDS on the body?
It weakens the immune system so the
body cannot fight pathogens well.
Describe cancer.
Uncontrolled cell growth
A tumor may form.
Describe autoimmune disease.
The immune system attacks the body’s
own cells.
Examples: rheumatoid arthritis, lupus,
multiple sclerosis, intestinal bowel
disease, diabetes
Which statement best describes what happens when
someone receives a vaccination?
1. The ability to fight disease will increase due to
antibodies received from the pathogen.
2. The ability to fight disease caused by the
pathogen will increase due to antibody
production.
3. The ability to produce antibodies will decrease
after the vaccination.
4. The ability to resist most types of diseases will
increase.
Which activity is not a function of white blood cells
in response to a pathogen?
1. engulfing these bacteria
2. producing antibodies to act against this type of
bacteria
3. preparing for future invasions of this type of
bacteria
4. speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to
detect these bacteria
The immune system of humans may respond to
chemicals on the surface of a pathogen by
1. releasing hormones that break down these
chemicals
2. synthesizing antibodies that mark these organisms
to be destroyed
3. secreting antibiotics that attach to these
organisms
4. altering a DNA sequence in these organisms
Vaccinations help prepare the body to fight
invasions of a specific pathogen by
1. inhibiting antigen production
2. stimulating antibody production
3. inhibiting white blood cell production
4. stimulating red blood cell production
Which statement best describes an immune
response?
1. It always produces antibiotics.
2. It usually involves the recognition and
destruction of pathogens.
3. It stimulates asexual reproduction and
resistance in pathogens.
4. It releases red blood cells that destroy
parasites.
Which phrase does not describe a way the
human body responds to fight disease?
(1) destruction of infectious agents by white
blood cells
(2) production of antibodies by white blood
cells
(3) increased production of white blood cells
(4) production of pathogens by white blood
cells
A person with AIDS is likely to develop
infectious diseases because the virus that
causes AIDS
(1) destroys cancerous cells
(2) damages the immune system
(3) increases the rate of antibody production
(4) increases the rate of microbe destruction
In some individuals, the immune system attacks
substances that are usually harmless,
resulting in
1. an allergic reaction
2. a form of cancer
3. an insulin imbalance
4. a mutation