Download Non Communicable Disease Prevention

Warm Up
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Think of a family member or someone else
you know who has one of the following
diseases: allergies, asthma, diabetes,
arthritis
What does this person do to manage the
disease or its symptoms?
Non Communicable Disease
Prevention
Lesson 32
Objectives
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Identify the causes, symptoms and
treatment of several non-communicable
diseases
Non-Communicable Disease
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disease that is not transmitted by another
person, vector or the environment
Cardiovascular Diseases
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(CVD) disease that affects the heart or
blood vessels
61 million Americans have some form of
the disease
CVDs are responsible for more that 40%
of all deaths in the US each year
Types of Cardiovascular Disease
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Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Diseases of the Heart
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Angina Pectoris
Arrhythmias
Heart Attack
Congestive Heart Failure
Stroke
Hypertension
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High blood pressure
Blood pressure: force of blood created by the
heart’s contractions and resistance of the vessel
walls
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Normal pressure varies with age, height, weight and
genetic factors
Major risks factor for other types of CVDs
Pressure that is continually above the normal
range will damage the hart, blood vessels and
other bodily organs
High blood pressure can be lowered with
medication, weight management, adequate
physical activity and proper nutrition
Atherosclerosis
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Process in which plaques accumulate on
artery walls
Buildup due mainly to food choices
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High intake of saturated fats and cholesterol
Sometimes a blood clot forms in the area
of the plaque, growing until it blocks the
artery and causing damage to the tissues
the artery supplies blood to
Diseases of the Heart
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Angina Pectoris
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Chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen
Most commonly caused by atherosclerosis
Arrhythmias
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Irregular heart beats
Common, and often don’t cause problems. However, certain types are serious
Ventricular fibrillation: electrical impulses regulating heart rhythm become rapid
or irregular
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Heart Attack
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Most common cause of a sudden cardiac arrest
Many are sudden and cause chest pain but 1 in 4 produces no symptoms at all
Immediate response to stress on the heart
Without emergency help, death will follow within minutes
Congestive Heart Failure
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Gradual weakening of the heart that it can not maintain its regular pumping rate
and force
Can be a result of high blood pressure, arthrosclerosis, heart valve defects or
other factors
Medications, good nutrition and adequate physical activity can help to manage
congestive heart failure
Stroke
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When arterial blockage interrupts the flow of
blood to the brain
Can affect different parts of the body, depending
on the part of the brain that is deprived of
oxygen
Can also occur as a result of cerebral
hemorrhage, a condition in which a blood vessel
in the brain bursts, causing blood to spread into
surrounding brain tissue
Risk Factors for CVDs You Can
Control: Figure 26.2 pg 679
Risk Factors You Can’t Control
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Heredity
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Gender
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Children whose parents have CVD are more likely to develop
CVD themselves
Men have a greater risk of developing CVD earlier in life and are
at greater risk of having a heart attack than women
However, older women are less likely to survive a heart attack
than men of the same age
Age
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As people become older, they become more likely to develop
CVD
80% of people who die of CVD are 65 or older
Cancer
Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
Cancer can harm the body in various ways:
 Kill normal cells when they compete with them for
nutrients
 Tumors put pressure on surrounding tissues and organs,
interfering with body function
 Tumors can block arteries, veins, and other passages in
the body
Tumor: abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in
the body
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Benign: noncancerous
Malignant: cancerous, spreading to neighboring tissues and
through the blood or lymph to other parts of the body
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Metastasis: the spread of cancer from the point where it originated
to other parts of the body
Types of Cancer
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Lymphomas: cancers of the immune system
Leukemias: Cancers of the blood forming organs
Carcinomas: cancers of the glands and body
linings, including the skin and the linings of the
digestive tract and lungs
Sarcomas: cancers of connective tissue,
including bones, ligaments and muscle
Risk Factors for Cancer
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Lifestyle factors
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Tobacco use (lung, mouth, bladder, pancreases,
kidney)
STDs (HPV and hepatitis B cause cervical and liver
cancers)
Dietary Factors
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30% of all cancer deaths are caused by dietary risk factors
Diet high in fat and low in fiber often associated with cancer
(colon cancer)
Radiation
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UV rays from the sun are main cause of skin cancer
80% of skin cancers can be prevented
Early Detection
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Most critical factor in successful cancer
treatment
Self examinations
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Breast
Testes
Skin
Medical screenings
Treating Cancer
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Surgery
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Radiation therapy
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Uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells
Immunotherapy
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Kills and shrinks the cancerous mass with rays from radioactive
substances
Chemotherapy
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Removal of some or all of the cancerous mass from the body
Activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and
destroy them
Hormone therapy
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Using medicines that interfere with the production of hormones, killing
cancer cells or slowing their growth
Cancer that responds to treatment or is under control is said to be in
remission
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a period of time when symptoms disappear
Allergies
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Specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently
harmless substance
Common causes of illness and disability in the US
Pollen, foods, dust, mold spores, chemicals, insect venom and
medicines are common allergens
Symptoms
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Sneezing
Itchy eyes
Runny nose
Hives
Swelling
Difficulty breathing or swallowing
Raspy voice
Drop in blood pressure causing dizziness
If someone you know experiences any of the last few symptoms seek
medical attention IMMEDIATELY
Diagnosing and Treating Allergies
Diagnosing
 Blood tests
 Food elimination diet
 Skin test
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Looking for the inflammatory response
Treatment
 Avoid the allergen
 Medicines
 Immunotherapy
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Series of shots that contain small amounts of the allergen to
which the person is sensitive, causing the immune system to
become less sensitive
Asthma
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Inflammatory condition in which the small airways in the lungs
become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing
Bronchial tubes of people with asthma are sensitive to certain
substances “triggers”
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Pollution
Pet dander
Smoke
Mold
Pollen
Dust mites
In an asthma attack, the asthma triggers cause the muscles of the
bronchial walls to tighten and produce extra mucus. Respiratory
passages narrow, resulting in minor wheezing to sever difficulty
breathing
Managing Asthma
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Monitor the condition
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Recognize warning signs of an attack
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Manage the environment
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Reduce asthma triggers
Avoid tobacco smoke
Eliminate carpets and rugs when possible
Wash bedding frequently
Manage stress
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Shortness of breath
Chest tightness or pain
Coughing or sneezing
Relaxation techniques
Take medication
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Bronchodilator: type of medication taken with an inhaler, relaxes
and widens respiratory passages
Diabetes
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Chronic disease that affects the way the body cells
convert food into energy
Pancreas produces too little or no insulin, a hormone
that helps glucose enter the body’s cells
Diagnose through a blood test
Early detection can prevent serious side effects
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Blindness
Kidney failure
Limb amputations
Heart disease
Stroke
Can be managed with medication, healthful diet and
regular exercise
Type 1 vs Type 2
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Type 1 Diabetes
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Accounts for 5-10%
Appears suddenly and progresses quickly
Body does not produce insulin, so glucose guilds up in the blood,
starving cells of the energy they need
Over time, high blood sugar levels can cause damage to eyes, kidneys,
nerves and heart
Autoimmune disease
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Condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting
the cells, tissues and organs of a person’s own body
Must take daily does of insulin, either through injections or through a
pump surgically implanted in the body
Type 2 Diabetes
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Accounts for 90-95%
Most often appears after age 40 BUT is being found at younger ages,
even among children and teens
Body is unable to make enough insulin or to use insulin properly
Diet high in fat, calories and cholesterol increases your risk
Treatment includes weight management and regular physical activity
Arthritis
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Group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and loss of
movement in the joints
Osteoarthritis
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Disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down
One of the most common types
Strategies to reduce your risk
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Control weight
Prevent sport injuries
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Let injuries heal completely before returning to play
Protect against Lyme disease
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Warm up, strength train, use appropriate equipment
If left untreated can result in rare form of osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due to
inflammation
Autoimmune disease
Symptoms
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Swelling, stiffness, loss of function, fever, fatigue, swollen glands
Both sides of the body usually develop symptoms at the same time and in the
same pattern
Early diagnosis is crucial
Medication, exercise, rest, joint protection and therapy can help to manage the
disease