Download NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES

NONCOMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
CHAPTER 25
Cardiovascular Disease
 Disease that effects the heart or blood
 See Figure 25.2 for Diagnosis and Treatment
Options
 See Figure 25.4 to understand Risk Factors
Types of Cardiovascular Disease
 Hypertension – high
blood pressure.
 Atherosclerosis –
disease characterized
by the accumulation of
plaque on artery walls.
 Ateriosclerosis –
hardened arteries with
reduced elasticity.
 Angina Pectoris – chest
pain that results when
the heart does not get
enough oxygen.
 Arrhythmias – irregular
heartbeat.
(Ventricular Fibrillation)
 Heart Attack
 Congestive Heart
Failure
Cancer
 The uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
 Tumor – Abnormal mass of tissue that has no
natural role in the body.



Benign – noncancerous, grows slowly
Malignant – cancerous, does not stay in one
place.
Metastasis – the spread of cancer from the
point it originated to other parts of the body.
Types of Cancer
 Lymphomas – cancers
of the immune system
 Carcinomas – cancers
of the glands and body
linings. (Skin, lungs,
digestive tract)
 Leukemias – cancers of
blood-forming organs
 Sarcomas – cancers of
connective tissue.
(Bones, ligaments,
muscle)
RISK FACTORS
 Tobacco Use
 Radiation
 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
 Dietary Factors
Detection and Treatment
 Self-examinations
 Checking your body for
possible signs of
cancer. Many types
can be detected this
way.
 Surgery
 Medical examinations
 Medical
screening/testing by a
doctor.
 Immunotherapy
 Radiation Therapy
 Chemotherapy
 Hormone Therapy
Allergies

Specific reaction of the immune system to a
foreign and frequently harmless substance.

The immune system eventually releases
histamines – chemicals that can stimulate
mucous and fluid production.

Diagnosis – breaking out in a rash, blood test or
skin test.
Asthma

Inflammatory condition
in which the small
airways in the lungs
become narrowed,
causing difficulty in
breathing.

Managing Asthma

Monitor Condition

Manage Environment

Manage Stress

Take Medication
Properly
Diabetes

Chronic disease that affects the way body
cells convert sugar into energy.

Type 1




5-10% of all diabetes
Appears suddenly and progresses quickly
Body fails to produce insulin, glucose builds up in the
blood, and cells do not get the energy they need.
Autoimmune disease – condition in which the immune
system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissue,
and organs of a person’s own body.
Diabetes

Type 2



90-95% of all diabetes cases
Usually appears after age 40, but growing in
number among children and teens
Body is unable to make enough insulin or to use
insulin properly.

Increasing number of older people in the population
and growing numbers of obese and inactive young
people.
Arthritis
Group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain
and loss of movement in the joints.

Osteoarthritis

Disease of the joints in
which cartilage breaks
down

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Disease characterized
by the debilitating
destruction of the joints
due to inflammation.