Download Noncommunicable Diseases

Noncommunicable
Diseases
What is it?
• A disease that cannot be spread from
person to person.
• Some noncommunicable diseases are
Chronic: present continuously on or off
over a long period of time.
What causes a Noncommunicable
Disease?
• Heredity
• Unhealthy behaviors/choices
• Environment
Allergies
• An Allergy is an extreme sensitivity to a
substance.
• 40-50 million Americans are affected.
• Substances that cause allergic reactions
are called Allergens.
Common Allergens
*Pollen
*Insect bites/stings
*Food
*Plants
Allergic Reactions
• When your allergic to something your
Immune System reacts. It produces
antibodies. These special proteins lock
onto cells and make your body produce
Histamines. These histamines cause your
body to have the allergic reaction. Some
can be mild, others very serious.
What are some of the areas of your body
that are affected during a reaction?
Managing Allergies
• Avoid
• Medication
• Injections
Asthma
• A chronic inflammatory disorder of the
airways that causes air passages to
become narrow or blocked.
• 20 million Americans have asthma
TRIGGERS: Allergens, physical activity, air
pollution, infections of respiratory system,
dramatic weather changes, rapid breathing
(laughing or crying.)
Managing Asthma
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Monitor the condition…Know the signs
Manage the environment…avoid
Manage stress…Know your triggers
Take medication…Relievers & Controllers
Heart Disease
(Cardiovascular Disease)
• Any condition that weakens the functions
of the heart and or blood vessels
Arteriosclerosis- Thickening and hardening
of the arteries
Atherosclerosis- when fatty substances
build up in the arteries
Heart Attack
A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to the heart
slows or stops. The heart muscle is damaged.
Other problems of the Circulatory
System
• Hypertension:
A disease in which
the pressure of the
blood on the walls of
vessels stays at a
level that is higher
than normal
HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE
• Stroke
a serious condition
that occurs when an
artery to the brain
becomes blocked.
Preventing Heart Disease
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Eat Healthy
Limit fats and cholesterol
Exercise
Maintain healthy weight
Manage stress
Don’t smoke or drink alcohol
#1 killer in the U.S.A.
Treating Heart Disease
Angioplasty, Medications,
Pacemaker, Bypass surgery,
Heart transplant
Cancer
• What is it? A disease that occurs when abnormal cells
multiply out of control.
• Any tissue in the body can become cancerous.
2nd leading cause of death in the U.S.
Tumors: a group of abnormal cells.
Benign and Malignant
Don’t spread—Not cancerous.
Spread—cancerous.
Common Types of Cancer
Deadliest form of cancer is LUNG CANCER
163,000 each year
SKIN CANCER is the most common form.
What are some other types?
BREAST, COLON, OVARIAN, PROSTATE,
PANCREATIC….. It can spread or
originate just about anywhere.
Leukemia: Cancer of the bone marrow
Risk Factors of Cancer
Heredity
Age
Environment
Behavior choices
*Some cancers have a direct source.
Carcinogens: a substance that causes
cancer. UV rays, chemicals etc..
Reducing the Risk of Cancer
*Eat healthy *Exercise* Limit sun exposure
*Self examinations
Treating Cancer
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Surgery
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Medications
Diabetes
• A disease that prevents the body from
converting food into energy
Insulin: a protein made in the pancreas that
regulates the amount of glucose in the
blood (blood sugar levels)
Some people don’t make enough others
make enough but the body doesn't use it
correctly
Types of Diabetes
Type 1
(juvenile diabetes)
Usually begins in
childhood. The body’s
immune system attacks
and kills the cells in the
pancreas that make
insulin.
Need to take Insulin
Usually by injection or pump
Only 5-10% of the Diabetic
population have type 1
Type 2
(adult onset)
Don’t make enough or
use it appropriately. Often
begins in adulthood.
Closely linked to poor
food choices and lack of
exercise. Obesity puts
you at risk!
Treatments: medication,
insulin injections &
diet/exercise
Arthritis
• A disease of the joints. Swelling, pain and
stiffness.
• 40 million people are affected in The U.S.
Types of Arthritis
• Osteoarthritis: most common in older
adults. Breakdown of the cartilage in the
joints.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Chronic pain,
inflammation, swelling and stiffness of the
joints. Usually more serious…Immune
system attacks healthy joint tissue.
Managing Arthritis
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Exercise
Rest
Weight
Joint protection
Medication
Surgery
Massage, heat and Ice therapy