Download This costimulator is expressed by professional APCs

JEOPARDY
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This costimulator is expressed by
professional APCs including B cells,
dendritic cells, and macrophages and binds
to molecules on T cells called
CD28.
What is B7 OR B7.1 or B7.2?
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These cells regulate the infiltration of
leukocytes into inflammatory
reactions.
What are venular
endothelial cells?
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This complement component can
mimic immediate hypersensitivity
reactions by
directly causing mast cell
degranulation.
What is C5a?
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This immunosuppressive drug
inhibits transcription of the IL-2 gene.
What is cyclosporin A?
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To avoid hypeacute rejection of
grafts, efforts must be made to
ensure that
donor and recipient match with
respect to these antigens.
What are the ABO
blood group antigens?
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This rare renal complication is
caused by human immune complex
disease and
follows infection with a gram-positive
organism.
What is post -streptococcal
glomerulonephritis?
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Affinity maturation in B cells mainly
occurs in these lymphoid structures.
What are germinal centers?
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The migration of lymphocytes into
secondary lymphoid organs occurs
through
these.
What are high endothelial
venules OR What are HEV?
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Centrocytes binding antigen and either
complement or CD23 on folicular
dendritic cells are induced to express this
surface determinant to ensure
their survival.
What is BCL-2?
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The distribution of variable residues
in immunoglobulin that yields
variability can be measured using
this famous plotting method.
What is Wu and Kabot?
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This type of immunity is present at
birth and does not exhibit specificity
for a foreign antigen.
What is innate
immunity ?
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These low molecular weight
compounds are not immunogenic by
themselves but
can become immunogenic if they are
coupled to a higher molecular weight
compound.
What are haptens?
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A secondary, anamnestic immune
response occurs more rapidly than a
primary
immune response because of the
presence of these cells.
What are memory cells ?
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This process refers to the coating of
antigen by antibody or complement
to
facilitate phagocytosis.
What is opsonization?
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The classical and alternate
pathways of complement converge
on which
component of complement.
What is C3?
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This immunodeficiency is associated
with the failure of B cells to mature.
What is Bruton's
agammaglobulinemia or X-linked
agammaglobulinemia?
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This molecule consist of an a chain
non covalently associated to B2
microglobulin.
What is Class I MHC(major
histocompatibility complex)?
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These cells are said to be restricted
by MHC class I molecules.
What are CD8 T cells?
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These are the major cytokines
produced by CD4 TH2 cells.
What are IL-4, IL-5, IL-10
and IL-13 (Interleukin 4,
5,10, and 13)?
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A 9 month old baby was vaccinated against
smallpox with attenuated smallpox virus.
He developed a progressive necrotic lesion
of the skin, muscles, and subcutaneous
tissue at the site of inoculation. A deficiency
of these
cells might account for this reaction.
What are T cells?
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This type of hypersensitivity can lead
to the development of granulomas.
What is delayed type
hypersensitivity (or
hypersensitivity type IV)?
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This disease is characterized by IgM
antibodies present in synovial fluids
which have specificity for the heavy
chain of IgG antibodies.
What is Rhematoid Arthritis?
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The following may result when a T
cell recognizes an antigen in the
absence
of co-stimulation.
What is T cell anergy ?
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This is the site of somatic mutation
and immunoglobulin heavy chain
class
switching.
What is the germinal
center ?
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Receptors for the C1 component of
complement are found on these two
classes
of immunoglobulin.
What are IgM and IgG?
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This is the predominant isotype of an
antibody produced in a primary
immunization.
What is IgM ?
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Alternative RNA splicing enables a B
cell to co-express these two
antibodies on a B cell simultaneously.
What are IgM and IgD?
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This assay measures the clumping
together of an antibody with a
particulate
antigen.
What is an
agglutination reaction?
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A solid phase immunoassay which is
commonly used in clinical
laboratories
to detect the presence of antibodies
to gp120 in a serum sample.
What is an ELISA?
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These molecules generally present
exogenously derived peptides from
bacterial antigens to CD4 T cells.
What are Class II MHC (major
histocompatibility ) molecules?
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This autoimmune disease is
mediated by antibodies to
acetylcholine receptors.
What is Myasthenia
Gravis?
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This reaction commonly occurs when
bone marrow cells are transplanted
into an
immunocompromised host.
What is a graft-versushost (GVH) reaction?
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A 7 month old baby has a history of
repeated ear infections and bacterial
infections, and has been hospitalized with
pneumonia twice. The baby
likely has a deficiency of these cells.
What are B cells?
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These molecules are co-dominantly
expressed on cells.
What are MHC (major
histocompatibility) molecules?
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The process whereby T cells learn to
respond to antigen in the context of
self MHC?
What is MHC
restriction?
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This substance enhances the
immune response to an antigen but
does not
confer immunogenicity to a hapten.
What is an adjuvant?
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These antigens bind outside the peptide
binding groove on MHC class II
molecules and activate a family of T cells.
What are
superantigens?
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A state of non responsiveness to
antigen.
What is anergy?
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The site of T cell education.
What is the thymus?
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This type of hypersensitivity reaction is
produced by the local formation
of antigen-antibody aggregates which
activate the complement cascade and
cause acute intradermal inflammation.
What is the Arthus
reaction?
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This drug inhibits mast cell
degranulation.
What is sodium cromoglycate?
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This cytokine is the principal
mediator of the response to gram
negative
bacteria. Its major cell source is the
activated phagocyte.
What is TNF?
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This TH1 cytokine is a potent
activator of macrophages and
upregulates the
expression of Class I and Class II
MHC molecules on a variety of cell
types.
What is IFN-g ?
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This motif which is found in the cytoplasmic
domains of CD3 proteins and in
Iga and IgB has important signaling
functions.
What is the immunoreceptor
tyrosine based activation motifs
(ITAM)?
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This immunosuppressive drug acts
by specifically interfering with the
protein kinases involved in IL-2/IL-2
receptor signaling.
What is Rapamycin ?
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn is
induced by transfer of maternal
antibodies of this isotype.
What are IgGs?
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This refers to the increase in the
affinity of antibodies produced during
the course of a humoral immune
response.
What is affinity maturation ?
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Cytotoxic T cell lysis of target cells is
mediated by the release of these
substances from granules.
What are perforin and
granzyme B?
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The process whereby Natural Killer
cells can lyse antibody coated target
cells.
What is antibody dependent cell
cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
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The phenomenon whereby a B cell
produces an antibody of a single
specificity only.
What is allelic exclusion?
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This disease arises as a
consequence of a deficiency of C1
inhibitor (C1INH).
What is Hereditary
angioneurotic edema?
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This is the process in which
thymocytes whose TCRs bind with
high avidity
to self MHC complexed with antigen
are eliminated.
What is negative selection (or
apoptosis)?
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The ribbon like deposit of antibody
along kidney basement membranesis
is characteristic of this disease.
What is Goodpasture's
syndrome?
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This receptor/ligand pair can mediate
activation induced cell death in
T and B cells.
What is Fas/FasL (ligand)?
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The interaction of this receptor/ligand
pair is involved in immunoglobulin
heavy chain class switching.
What is CD40/CD40L
(ligand)?
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These cells constitute less than 5%
of the peripheral T cell population
and
they appear in the thymus before aB
expressing T cells appear.
What are gd (gammadelta) T cells?
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This zeta associated tyrosine kinase
is involved in T cell signaling.
What is Zap-70?
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While eating peanut butter cookies, an 8 year
old boy began vomiting, had
difficulty in breathing and developed a swollen
face. He was immediately
rushed to the hospital and was unconscious
upon arrival. His blood
pressure was dangerously low. The most
likely diagnosis of the child's
symptoms is?
What is anaphylactic shock?
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What should the child immediately be
injected with in order to raise his
blood pressure and facilitate his
breathing?
What is epinephrine?
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The symptoms that this child was
experiencing were precipitated by the
release of granules from this cell type.
What are mast cells
and/or basophils?
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This membrane molecule has a
cytoplasmic tail with two protein
tyrosine phosphatase domains,
which are thought to catalyze
dephosphorylation of a tyrosine
residue of p56lck and p59fyn.
What is CD45?
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About 90-99% of the peripheral T
cells express this type of T cell
receptor.
What is abTCR?
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Macrophages in the kidney are called
by this name.
What are Kupffer cells?
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This substance nonspecifically
enhances or potentiates the immune
response to an antigen.
What is an adjuvant?
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This is the invarient subunit that is
associated with the polymorphic a
chain to form class I MHC molecule.
What is b2-microglobulin?
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The phosphatase calcineurin
dephosphorylates a cytoplasmic
component of this transcription
factor.
What is NFATc?
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This molecule is expressed by both
resting and activated T cells and
binds with B molecule
on APC.
What is CD28?
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In this specific process, Natural Killer
(NK) cells bind to antitumor
antibodies bound to the surface of
the tumor cells and lyse them.
What is Antibody-Dependent
Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity,
ADCC?
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Phosphorylation of this allows it to
hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4, 5bisphosphate ( PIP2) into IP3
(inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate) and DAG
(diacylglycerol)
What is PLC-g1?
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This reaction develops when a graft
contains immunocompetent T cells
that recognize and attack the
reciepient=s cells.
What is graft versus host
disease?
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Regions of vascular endothelium
found in postcapillary venules of
various lymphoid organs that are
composed of specialized cells with
plump cuboidal shape.
What are called high
endothelial venules?
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These small peptides attract different
types of leukocytes and regulate the
expression and conformation of
adhesion molecules on leukocyte
membranes.
What are chemokines?
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MIP-1a and MIP-1b belong to this
subgroup of chemokines.
What is C-C subgroup of
chemokines?
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IL-8 belongs to this subgroup of
chemokines.
What is C-X-C subgroup?
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This is Type II hypersensitive
reaction in which maternal antibodies
against fetal Rh antigens cause
hemolysis of the erythrocytes of a
newborn.
What is Erythroblastosis fetalis?
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Of the DNA binding proteins, only
this is T cell specific.
What is NFAT?
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Diacylglycerol (DAG) activates
protein kinase C (PKC) which
mediates the release of this
transcription factor.
What is NF-kB?
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Naive T cells and memory T cells are
distinguished by these surface
molecules using
immunofluorescence.
What are CD45RA and
CD45RO respectively?
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This T helper subset functions more
effectively as a helper for B cell
activation.
What is Th2 subset?
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This cytokine is secreted by activated
macrophages in response to
bacterial or protozoan infections,
which induces proliferation of NK
cells and Th1 cells resulting in
incresed IFN-g production.
What is IL-12?
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Inositol Triphosphate (IP3) triggers
an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and
subsequent activation of this
calmodulin-dependent phosphatase.
What is calcineurin?
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The transient increase in the number
of circulating neutrophils to indicate
the presence of an infection is
medically denoted by this name.
What is Leukocytosis?
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In the endocytotic pathway, within the
endoplasmic reticulum (RER), class
II MHC molecules are associated
with this, which blocks binding of
peptide.
What is Invariant Chain?
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Bacterial septic shock develops
when bacterial cell wall endotoxins
stimulate macrophages to
overproduce these inflammatory
cytokines.
What are IL-1 and TNF-a?
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This is a potent proteolytic enzyme
that breaks down fibrin clots in to
degradation products.
What is plasmin?
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These strands criss-cross one
another to form a clot which serves
as barrier to the spread of infection.
What are fibrin strands?
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This end product of the kinin system
is a potent vasoactive basic peptide
that increases vascular permeability,
causes vasodilation, induces pain,
and induces contraction of smooth
muscle.
What is bradykinin?
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Prostaglandins are produced by the
metabolism of this via the
cyclooxygenase pathway.
What is Arachidonic acid?
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This is an immunosuppressive drug
commonly used to prevent graft
rejection.
What is cyclosporin A?
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This T helper subset is responsible
for classical cell mediated functions
such as delayed type
hypersensitivity.
What is Th1 subset?
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The initial activation of both T cells
and B cells is thought to take place in
this region of the lymphonode.
What is paracortex?
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This cytokine is produced by TH1
cells and can induce macrophages to
increase MHC class II expression.
What is IFN gamma?
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Absence of this receptor in T cells is
associated with hyper IgM syndrome.
What is CD40L?
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These cells reside in the skin and are
major antigen-presenting cells.
What are Langerhans
cells?
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These drugs block H1 and H2
receptors on target cells and is used
to treat atopy.
What are antihistamines?
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Also called multi-colony-stimulating
factor, this cytokine stimulates growth
of precursors of most bone marrowderived cells.
What is IL-3?
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Defects in enzymes involved in nucleotide
degradation lead to this SCID which leads
to accumulation of nucleotide metabolites.
What is adenosine deaminase
deficiency? OR What is purine
nucleotide phosphorylase deficiency?
OR What is ADA deficiency?
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Folding of this region of the Ig
molecule produces a cleft in which
binding of antigen occurs.
What is the
hypervariable region?
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Digestion of anti-sheep red blood cell
(SRBC) antibodies with this enzyme
will result in a reagent which will still
agglutinate SRBC.
What is pepsin?
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This joining rule assures proper VLJL or VH-DH-JH joining during
rearrangement of immunoglobulin
genes.
What is the 12/23 joining rule?
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The antigen-independent phase of B
cell differentiation occurs here.
What is the bone
marrow?
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The presence of this chain within the
endoplasmic reticulum is thought to
prevent peptide binding to class II
MHC molecules during antigen
processing.
What is the invariant chain?
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Upon activation of T cells, expression
of this ensures that only activated
cells will undergo proliferative
responses to antigen.
What is IL-2R? OR What is
Interleukin-2-receptor? OR What is
IL-2 receptor?
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Eskimos get these when sitting on
the ice too long.
What are Polaroids?
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Molecular mimicry is one mechanism
proposed to account for the
development of this.
What is autoimmunity?
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Phagocytic activity of macrophages
and neutrophils is promoted by
interferon gamma and this other
cytokine.
What is tumor necrosis factor alpha
OR what is TNF alpha OR what is
TNFa?
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Immunity to bacterial infections is
usually mediated by these unless the
organism is capable of intracellular
growth.
What are antibodies?
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This form of SCID is caused by a
deficiency in class I or class II MHC
expression.
What is Bare lymphocyte
syndrome?
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This is the process by which
rearranged genes for heavy and light
chains from only one chromosome
are expressed.
What is allelic exclusion?
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Lymphocytes migrate from the blood
to lymphoid organs through these.
What are HEV OR What are high
endothelial venules?
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THE
END
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