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Something to Think About Please take the next five minutes to address the following questions on a piece of paper: What is learning? What are some things that you have learned throughout your life (not just formally or in school)? How have you learned these things? Chapter 5 Learning Relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from past experience Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov – Russian physiologist Repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with a responseproducing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response Pavlov’s Dogs Classical Terminology Neutral Stimulus (NS): does not initially elicit a response Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): elicits a certain, predictable response; automatic Unconditioned Response (UCR): natural reaction to a stimulus; automatic Conditioned Stimulus (CS): once neutral, but after being paired with a UCS, it elicits a response; learned Conditioned Response (CR): learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus; learned Classical Diagram (UCS) (UCR) (NS) + (UCS) (UCR) (CS) (CR) Pavlov’s Dogs (UCS) meat (UCR) salivate (NS) bell + (UCS) meat (UCR) salivate (CS) bell (CR) salivate CC with Puddy! (UCS) (NS) (CS) (UCR) +(UCS) (UCR) (CR) Squeak! Squeak! Squeak! Expanding Classical Conditioning Generalization: responding to a second stimulus that’s similar to the original CS Discrimination: ability to distinguish between different stimuli Extinction: gradual disappearance of a CR when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS Spontaneous recovery: reappearance of a previously extinguished response after time without exposure to the CS More Classical Conditioning John Watson Behaviorism: emphasizes observable behaviors Little Albert CC Drug Effects Caffeine + smell Placebo response Taste aversion