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Nature v Nurture: Pick A Side! Nature: •We do what we do because of our – •Genetics •Evolution •Behavior driven by….. INSTINCT Nature v Nurture: Pick A Side! Nurture: •We do what we do because of our environment– •Parents / friends /teachers •Society / cultural influences •TV! / Other media •Behavior is…. LEARNED Nature v Nurture: History Europe John Locke & David Hume- argue for experience Rosseau & Kant – believe in “immutable human nature”….instinct? Sir Francis Galton “Hereditary Genius” in 1869success runs in families…must be nature Monarchies – kings are kings because of birth (Cinderella, Prince & Pauper) Nature v Nurture: History(2) Other Nature “evidence” Charles Darwin-Galton’s cousin- “Natural Selection” helps species evolve…..survival of fittest William James – humans the most instinctual of animals Adolph Hitler – “Aryan race” would return Germany to glory….led to Holocaust Nature v Nurture: History(3) Other Nature ideas…..United States - By 1917, fifteen US states had eugenics laws to sterilize: •Epileptics •the mentally ill •Criminals - 3rd International Congress in ’32 discusses “problems of African-Americans and needs to “cut off bad stock” ….Bushes & Rockefellers (http://www.trunkerton.fsnet.co.uk/Eugenics.htm) Nature v Nurture: History(4) Nurture ideas: By 20th Century, most American scientists lean towards nurture John B. Watson: father of modern advertising….uses Pavlov’s conditioned reflex” Sigmund Freud: early experiences determine later functioning B.F. Skinner: Behaviorism/Operant Conditioning – all behavior is result of rewards & punishments Nature v Nurture: Questions How do YOU explain: •Twins preferences? •Sibling similarities / dis-similarities? •Alcoholism, Depression & other mental illness? •Food preferences / Cultural specific behavior? •Fears (snakes / spiders/ people)? Nature v Nurture: Questions(2) How do YOU explain: •Language? •Love? •Criminal Behavior? •Antisocial Behavior? •Homosexuality? •Religion? Nature v Nurture: Think Nature argument If we consider genetics to determine our destiny, then why have special needs programs? http://www.sfu.ca/~dant/projects/psyc100/nature_nurture/ Nature v Nurture: Think(2) Nurture argument If the environment shapes our minds, then parents are to blame for troublesome children or… …….anyone can be President