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Transcript
Welcome to the Developmental Psych Unit (Ch. 4,5) (the meme sums up the whole unit) ❏ ❏ ❏ Learning Targets: Discuss the interaction of nature and nurture (including cultural variations) in the determination of behavior. Explain the process of conception and gestation, including factors that influence successful fetal development (e.g., nutrition, illness, substance abuse). Discuss maturation of motor skills. Nature (genetics) vs. Nurture (environment) How do genetic inheritance (nature) and experience (the nurture we received) influence our development? Behavioral genetics ● ● Questions a BG would try to answer ● ● ● how is an individual’s level of aggression impacted by inheritance and exposure to violence? what aggressive tendencies are naturally selected? do behavioral traits run in families? genetics ● ● genotype- genetic makeup for an individual which may or may not be expressed phenotype-observable characteristics of a trait (eye color, chin dimple, etc) Nature v. Nurture Debate ● NATURE- influences on behavior that are genetic or biological ● Nurture- influence of environmental factors on behavior (family, culture, interactions with others, education, wealth, etc.) ● Most psychologists agree that both interact to influence behavior ● Nature sets the possibilities, nurture determines how they will be realized Evolutionary Psychology ● study the evolution of human behavior and the mind by using principles of natural selection ○ principle that says that the traits that lead to increased survival will most likely be passed onto future generations ○ organism’s varied offspring compete for survival ○ certain biological and behavioral variations increase reproductive and survival chances in the environment ○ offspring that survive are more likely to pass their genes ○ over time, population characteristics may change Babies! (a refresher from health class) zygotes: the fertilized egg. 2 week period of rapid development & grows into an…. embryo: weeks 2 through 8. organs are primitive, but identifiable. baby is 1 inch long. arms, legs & face are distinct fetus: developing human organism from 9 weeks to birth (pregnancy is 40 weeks) age of viability: baby can survive outside mother at this stage (24 weeks or more) Prenatal Care teratogens: chemicals & viruses that can cause harm to the embryo/fetus (“crack babies”) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: FAS: physical & cognitive abnormalities in children causes by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. Newborns Babies are born with certain reflexes... Rooting Grasping Sucking Startle Babinski Newborns ● ● ● ● Babies are born legally blind and can only see things very close to their faces their sense of smell is OK born with an aversion to bitter tastes (evolutionary) prefers the smell and sight of mom (evolutionary) Habituation ● ● decreased responsiveness to an unchanging stimuli was discovered when babies grew bored looking at the same thing Maturation ★ is the process of learning to cope and react in an emotionally appropriate way. ★ physical, intellectual, or emotional process of development ★ impacted by nature vs. nurture ○ bio-psycho-social ★ Cannot speed this up Milestones ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ sitting up (5-7 months) crawling (6-12 months) walking (1 year) running fine motor skills ○ ○ ○ picking up food putting shapes into holes writing & coloring Konrad Lorenz ● Critical Period ○ The important time in which an organism must learn something ● Imprinting ○ Becoming attached to the first object or person ● Attachment ○ Caring relationship between adult and child