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Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Russian Physiologist Pavlovian Psychology Father of Classical Conditioning Studied the principles of conditioning for over 30 years Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov 1849-1936 Russian physician/ neurophysiologist Nobel Prize in 1904 studied digestive secretions Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s device for recording salivation Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning organism comes to associate two stimuli a neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus Classical Conditioning Powerful Unconditioned Stimulus = Food Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Response to the presentation of food = Salivation Classical Conditioning UCS = Food UCR = Salivation Classical Conditioning N S = Tuning Fork (Bell) Classical Conditioning Neutral Stimulus Associated With Unconditioned Stimulus Classical Conditioning C S = Tuning Fork Elicits C R = Salivation Classical Conditioning UCS Food UCR Salivation NS Tuning Fork CS Tuning Fork CR Salivation Classical Conditioning 1. While you were taking your first shower in the dorms, someone flushed a nearby toilet. Now, whenever you hear a flush while you are showing, you jump out of the way. UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___ Classical Conditioning 2. People receiving chemotherapy often vomit during or shortly after the procedure. After several chemotherapy sessions, they begin feeling sick as soon as they enter the treatment room. UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___ Classical Conditioning 3. Eating Mom’s wonderful cookies always makes your mouth water. To guarantee you do get to eat the cookies, you hide them in your zippered duffle bag in your closet. Now just the sound of unzipping the duffle makes your mouth water. UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___ Classical Conditioning 4. No-so-clever Margo drank many shots of Rootbeer Schnapps and the alcohol made her really sick. The next day she popped a rootbeer candy in her mouth, but immediately had to spit out because it made her feel so nauseated. UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___ Classical Conditioning 5. You’re involved in a passionate relationship. Whenever you and your “mate” make-out (and get turned on), you play your special CD. Now just hearing that music makes you get aroused. UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___ Classical Conditioning 6. Mikey cried after receiving a painful vaccination from a nurse in a white jacket. The next week his mother couldn’t understand why Mikey burst out in tears when the barber (in white jacket) welcomed them to his shop. UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___ Classical Conditioning UCS (passionate kiss) CS (onion breath) CS (onion breath) UCR (sexual arousal) UCS (passionate Kiss) CR (sexual arousal) UCR (sexual arousal) Expanding Pavlov’s Research – Generalization • 2 or more stimuli responded to in similar way – example = whistle, bell , beards – Discrimination • making distinctions between 2 stimuli – Extinction • response weakens or disappears – Spontaneous Recovery •Revival of an extinguished response Behaviorism John B. Watson viewed psychology as objective science generally agreed-upon consensus today recommended study of behavior without reference to unobservable mental processes not universally accepted by all schools of thought today JB Watson ‘Baby Albert Experiment’ Radical Behaviorism Turn of Century Watson argued that humans do not act on their own. Humans wait to be stimulated like mechanical toys. Watson believed that the role of psychology was to figure out how the human machine worked. Radical Behaviorism Watson..... – “Give me a dozen healthy infants, wellformed, and my own specified world to bring them up in, and I’ll guarentee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I select -- doctor, lawer, artist, beggar-man and their, regardless of his talents, tendencies, abilities, vocations. Baby Albert unconditioned stimulus Loud Noise unconditioned response Fear Baby Albert Neutral Stimulus Baby Albert Conditioned stimulus elicits the Conditioned Response Baby Albert Watson and Baby Albert